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Mechanical and physical properties of thermally modified Scots pine wood in high pressure reactor under saturated steam at 120, 150 and 180 °C

Mechanische und physikalische Eigenschaften von in einem Hochdruckreaktor unter Sattdampfbedingungen bei 120, 150 und 180 °C thermisch modifiziertem Kiefernholz

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Abstract

Scots pine sapwood and heartwood were thermally modified under saturated steam at 120, 150 and 180 °C in a high pressure reactor. Mechanical properties such as dynamic and static modulus of elasticity (MOE), static modulus of rupture (MOR), Brinell hardness and impact toughness were evaluated. The static MOE for sapwood did not decrease substantially (approximately 1 %), not even with a high mass loss of more than 12 %, when the wood was modified at 180 °C. Static MOE of the wood increased approximately 14 %, when modified at 150 °C. Surprisingly, MOR increased by 15 %, when modified at 150 °C with mass loss of 2.3 %. Whereas impact strength and hardness decreased somewhat, when modified at 180 °C. Moreover, high anti-swelling efficiency values were obtained (60 % for sapwood and 52 % for heartwood) when modified at 180 °C.

Zusammenfassung

Kiefernsplintholz und –kernholz wurde in einem Hochdruckreaktor unter Sattdampfbedingungen bei Temperaturen von 120, 150 und 180 °C thermisch modifiziert. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften dynamischer und statischer Elastizitätsmodul (MOE), statische Biegefestigkeit (MOR), Brinell Härte und Schlagzähigkeit wurden bestimmt. Der statische Elastizitätsmodul von Splintholz nahm auch bei einem hohen Masseverlust von über 12 %, wenn das Holz bei einer Temperatur von 180 °C modifiziert wurde, nicht wesentlich ab (ca. 1 %). Der statische Elastizitätsmodul nahm bei einer Modifizierung bei 140 °C um ca. 14 % zu. Überraschenderweise stieg die Biegefestigkeit bei einer thermischen Modifikation bei 150 °C und einem Masseverlust von 2,3 % um 15 % an. Die Schlagzähigkeit und die Brinell Härte nahmen bei einer thermischen Modifikation bei 180 °C ein wenig ab. Dagegen wurde bei dieser Temperatur ein hohes Quellresistenzvermögen erzielt (Splintholz 60 % und Kernholz 52 %).

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Acknowledgments

Technical assistance of MSc Stefan Lehneke, financial support of the Finnish Foundation for Technology Promotion (Tekniikan edistämissäätiö) and the Puumiesten Ammattikasvatussäätiö are gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16400, 00076, Aalto, Finland

    Lauri Rautkari, Juhani Honkanen & Mark Hughes

  2. Norsk Institut for Skog og Landskap, P.O. Box 115, 1431, Ås, Norway

    Callum A. S. Hill

  3. JCH Industrial Ecology Limited, Bangor, LL57 1LJ, UK

    Callum A. S. Hill

  4. Forest Products Research Institute, Edinburgh Napier University, 10 Colinton Road, Edinburgh, EH10 5DT, UK

    Daniel Ridley-Ellis

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  1. Lauri Rautkari
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  2. Juhani Honkanen
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  4. Daniel Ridley-Ellis
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  5. Mark Hughes
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Correspondence to Lauri Rautkari.

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Rautkari, L., Honkanen, J., Hill, C.A.S. et al. Mechanical and physical properties of thermally modified Scots pine wood in high pressure reactor under saturated steam at 120, 150 and 180 °C. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 72, 33–41 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-013-0749-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-013-0749-5

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