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Prediction of non-recoverable collapse in Eucalyptus globulus from near infrared scanning of radial wood samples

Vorhersage von nicht rückverformbarem Kollaps in radialen Eucalyptus globulus Prüfkörpern mittels Nah-Infrarot-Spektrometrie

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Abstract

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy calibrations was used to predict radial profiles of cellulose content, wood density, cellulose microfibril angle (MFA) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) in 20-year-old plantation Eucalyptus globulus to identify non-recoverable collapse zones associated with tension wood. Radial (cambium-to-pith) wood cores were extracted at a height of 1.0 m from trees selected to represent a range of silvicultural treatments. NIR spectra were measured at 1 mm intervals along the radial-longitudinal face of each core after drying to 12 % equilibrium moisture content (EMC) at 40 °C. Tangential shrinkage was measured at eight points along each core, following steam reconditioning and re-drying to 12 % EMC. Additional cores from 20 of the sample trees were collected. Radial profiles of density, MFA and MOE were obtained for wood strips prepared from these cores, using the SilviScan 3 wood assessment system. Trait profiles were matched to radial NIR scans of these cores, enabling the development of NIR calibrations using partial least squares (PLS) regression. These, and an existing NIR calibration for cellulose content, were used to predict the radial profiles of the four wood properties for the first set of cores. Predicted wood properties were then related to actual tangential shrinkage measurements and the occurrence of visible bands of non-recoverable collapse. A regression model was developed to reliably predict regions of non-recoverable collapse from NIR-predicted cellulose content and MOE. Micrography of stained wood sections indicated that the collapse was caused by the presence of tension wood.

Zusammenfassung

Mittels NIR-Spektroskopie wurden radiale Profile des Zellulosegehalts, der Holzdichte, des Cellulose-Mikrofibrillenwinkels (MFA) und des Elastizitätsmoduls (MOE) von 20 Jahre alten Plantagen-Eucalyptus globulus erstellt, um nicht rückverformbare Kollapsbereiche in Verbindung mit Zugholz zu erkennen. Radiale Bohrkerne (vom Kambium zur Markröhre) wurden aus Bäumen, die verschiedene waldbauliche Behandlungsverfahren repräsentieren, in 1,0 m Höhe entnommen. Nah-Infrarot (NIR)-Spektren wurden entlang der radialen/longitudinalen Fläche eines jeden Kerns in 1 mm Abständen gemessen, nachdem diese bei 40 °C auf eine Gleichgewichtsfeuchte (ECM) von 12 % getrocknet worden waren. Nach Dampfkonditionierung und erneuter Trocknung auf 12 % EMC wurde das tangentiale Schwindmaß an acht Stellen entlang eines jeden Kerns gemessen. Aus 20 der untersuchten Bäume wurden zusätzliche Kerne entnommen. Radiale Dichte-, MFA- und MOE-Profile wurden an Holzstreifen aus diesen Kernen mittels des Holzanalysegeräts SilviScan 3 erstellt. Aus den Eigenschaftsprofilen und den radialen NIR-Scans dieser Kerne wurden mittels partieller Regression NIR-Kalibrierungen entwickelt. Diese sowie eine bestehende NIR-Kalibrierung des Zellulosegehalts wurden zur Bestimmung der radialen Profile der vier Holzeigenschaften des ersten Kernkollektivs verwendet. Die so bestimmten Holzeigenschaften wurden dann mit den aktuell gemessenen tangentialen Schwindmaßen und dem Auftreten sichtbarer Banden von nicht rückverformbarem Kollaps in Beziehung gebracht. Es wurde ein Regressionsmodell entwickelt, mit dem die Bereiche mit nicht rückverformbarem Kollaps aus dem mittels NIR bestimmten Cellulosegehalt und dem Elastizitätsmodul zuverlässig bestimmt werden können. Mikroskopische Aufnahmen gefärbter Holzabschnitte wiesen darauf hin, dass der Kollaps durch das Auftreten von Zugholz verursacht wurde.

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Acknowledgments

This study forms part of Program 2 (High Value Wood Resources) of the Cooperative Research Centre for Forestry, Australia, and was funded by the CRC Forestry and The University of Melbourne. The Tostaree plantation trial was established and maintained with support from the Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment and the Victorian Department of Primary Industries. We thank Robert Evans for the SilviScan analysis of the samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia

    Maximilian Wentzel-Vietheer, Russell Washusen, Barbara Ozarska & Thomas Baker

  2. CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Private Bag 12, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia

    Geoffrey M. Downes & Christopher Harwood

  3. CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia

    Nicholas Ebdon

  4. Cooperative Research Centre for Forestry, Private Bag 12, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia

    Maximilian Wentzel-Vietheer, Russell Washusen, Geoffrey M. Downes, Christopher Harwood & Thomas Baker

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  1. Maximilian Wentzel-Vietheer
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  2. Russell Washusen
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  3. Geoffrey M. Downes
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  4. Christopher Harwood
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  5. Nicholas Ebdon
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  6. Barbara Ozarska
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  7. Thomas Baker
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Correspondence to Maximilian Wentzel-Vietheer.

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Wentzel-Vietheer, M., Washusen, R., Downes, G.M. et al. Prediction of non-recoverable collapse in Eucalyptus globulus from near infrared scanning of radial wood samples. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 71, 755–768 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-013-0735-y

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