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Relationship between local and global modulus of elasticity in bending and its consequence on structural timber grading

Zusammenhang zwischen lokalem und globalem Biege-E-Modul und dessen Auswirkung auf die Festigkeitssortierung

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Abstract

The study analyses the relationship between local and global modulus of elasticity and develops and evaluates different models to predict local from global modulus measurements. The mechanical tests were performed on four species commonly used in Italy for structural purposes: fir, Douglas-fir, Corsican pine and chestnut. Two or three cross-sections and two provenances were sampled for each species. A theoretical analysis showed that the local–global modulus relationship was of polynomial form with only one coefficient. The effect of the species on the relationship was significant as well as the cross-section but only for softwoods. The effect of the cross-section was explained by the presence and the size of defects in the mid span. The different models were applied and then compared by means of the optimum grading: only slight differences among models emerged. Although optimum grading was strongly dependent on the sampling and on the grade combination, for softwoods the model for species and section showed very similar results to the grading with the true local modulus; inclusion of the knot values in the model led to only slight improvements. For chestnut all models were found to be comparable.

Zusammenfassung

Diese Studie untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen lokalem und globalem E-Modul von Schnittholz und entwickelt und vergleicht verschiedene Modelle, um den lokalen E-Modul aus globalen Messungen zu bestimmen. Die Versuche wurden an vier in Italien häufig als Bauholz verwendeten Holzarten durchgeführt: Tanne, Douglasie, Korsische Schwarzkiefer und Edelkastanie. Je Holzart wurden zwei oder drei Querschnitte aus jeweils zwei Wuchsgebieten beschafft. Eine theoretische Untersuchung zeigte, dass der Zusammenhang zwischen lokalem und globalem E-Modul einer Polynom-Funktion mit nur einem Koeffizienten entspricht. Signifikanten Einfluss auf den Zusammenhang hatte die Holzart und bei Nadelhölzern auch der Querschnitt, was durch das Vorhandensein und die Größe der Äste im mittleren Prüfbereich begründet wurde. Die verschiedenen Modelle wurden angewandt und bezüglich ihrer Auswirkung auf die optimale Sortierung verglichen: Es zeigten sich nur geringe Unterschiede. Obwohl die optimale Sortierung sehr stark von der Probenahme und der Sortierklassen-Kombination abhing, führte das Modell auf Basis von Holzart und Querschnitt bei den Nadelhölzern zu sehr ähnlichen Ergebnissen wie eine Sortierung nach dem gemessenen lokalen E-Modul; die Berücksichtigung der Astwerte führte nur zu geringen Verbesserungen. Für die Edelkastanie waren alle Modelle vergleichbar.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Autonomous Province of Trento (Italy) for funding the mechanical tests; Luciano Scaletti and Paolo Pestelli for the laboratory work.

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Correspondence to Michela Nocetti.

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Nocetti, M., Brancheriau, L., Bacher, M. et al. Relationship between local and global modulus of elasticity in bending and its consequence on structural timber grading. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 71, 297–308 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-013-0682-7

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