Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of radial origin on final moisture content and gradient, casehardening, cracking and deformations of dried Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) timber

Einfluss der Lage im Stammquerschnitt auf die Endfeuchte, den Feuchtegradienten, die Verschalung und die Verformungen von getrockneter sibirischer Lärche

  • Originals Originalarbeiten
  • Published:
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) timber is a good raw material, particularly for the carpentry industry. However, in the radial direction varying wood properties, like density, may have an effect on the drying quality of sawn larch timber. Thus, final moisture content (MC), MC gradient, casehardening, cracking and deformations were studied according to radial origins, taking into account the orientation of annual rings. The effect of radial origin on MC properties was mainly caused by the differences in the basic density between different radial locations. Differing ring orientation between planks of different radial origin most probably affected the MC gradient. As casehardening and deformations had clear trends in radial direction, differences in them may be largely caused by MC differences. Thus including larch timber of similar density and ring orientation in the same drying lot would help achieve larch timber of uniform drying quality.

Zusammenfassung

Sibirische Lärche (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) ist ein sehr guter Rohstoff insbesondere für den Holzbau. Allerdings können die in radialer Richtung variierenden Holzeigenschaften, wie zum Beispiel die Dichte, einen Einfluss auf die Trocknungsqualität von Lärchenschnittholz haben. Deshalb wurden der Einfluss der Lage im Stammquerschnitt und der Jahrringverlauf auf die Endfeuchte (MC), den Feuchtegradienten, die Verschalung, die Rissbildung und die Verformungen untersucht. Der Einfluss der Lage auf die Feuchteeigenschaften ist hauptsächlich auf Unterschiede in der Rohdichte in radialer Richtung zurückzuführen. Unterschiedlicher Jahrringverlauf im Schnittholz hatte höchstwahrscheinlich einen Einfluss auf den Feuchtegradienten. Da sich bei der Verschalung und den Verformungen ein klarer Trend in radialer Richtung zeigte, dürften die Unterschiede zu einem großen Teil auf die Holzfeuchteunterschiede zurückzuführen sein. Daraus folgt, dass Lärchenschnittholz mit einheitlicher Trocknungsqualität erzeugt werden könnte, wenn das Holz einer Trocknungscharge ähnliche Rohdichte und ähnlichen Jahrringverlauf aufweisen würde.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1 Abb. 1
Fig. 2 Abb. 2
Fig. 3 Abb. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Frühwald E (2006) Improvement of shape stability by high-temperature treatment of Norway spruce. Effects of drying at 120°C with and without restraint on twist. Holz Roh- Werkst 64:24–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frühwald E (2007) Effect of high-temperature drying on properties of Norway spruce and larch. Holz Roh- Werkst 65:411–418

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hakkila P, Winter A (1973) On the properties of larch wood in Finland. Commun Inst For Fenn 79(7):1–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Heikkonen S, Luostarinen K, Piispa K (2007) Kiln drying of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) timber. Research reports 26. 77 p + 1 app. Available at: http://kirjasto.mikkeliamk.fi/index.asp

  • Juvonen R, Sipi M, Kotilahti T, Lahti J (1986) Processing and usage properties of larch wood in the mechanical forest industry. Preliminary test of the suitability of larch wood to sawing and further processing. Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Forest Products, Laboratory of Mechanical Wood Technology, Otaniemi, Report 36. 45 p (in Finnish)

  • Koizumi A, Takata K, Yamashita K, Nakada R (2003) Anatomical characteristics and mechanical properties of Larix sibirica grown in south-central Siberia. IAWA J 24:355–370

    Google Scholar 

  • Kärkkäinen M (1978) Summary: Observations on the effect of age on the basic density of larch wood. Silva Fenn 12(1):56–64 (in Finnish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Luostarinen K, Heikkonen S, Korri J (2010) Effects of basic density, annual growth and drying schedule on selected quality factors of dried Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) timber. Wood Mater Sci Eng 5:24–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCurdy MC, Keey RB (2002) The effect of growth-ring orientation on moisture movement in the high-temperature drying of softwood boards. Holz Roh- Werkst 60:363–368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Möttönen V, Kärki T (2008) High temperature and hot air drying of birch timber. EDG seminar in Oslo 2008. Available at: http://www.timberdry.net/downloads/EDG-Seminar-Oslo/Presentation/EDG-Seminar-Oslo2008-Mottonen.pdf. Accessed 21 October 2009

  • Nordic timber: grading rules for pine and spruce sawn timber: commercial grading based on evaluation of the four sides of sawn timber (1997) Föreningen Svenska Sågverksmän (FSS), Suomen sahateollisuusmiesten yhdistys (STMY), Treindustriens tekniske forening (TTF, Norway). Arbor Publishing, Stockholm 64 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Ormarsson S, Dahlblom O, Petersson H (2000) A numerical study of the shape stability of sawn timber subjected to moisture variation. 3. Influence of annual ring orientation. Wood Sci Technol 34:207–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pang S (2002) Effects of sawing pattern on lumber drying: model simulation and experimental investigation. Drying Technol 20:1769–1787

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saimovaara J (2001) Experiences of carpenters on the usage of larch timber. In: Verkasalo E, Viitanen H (eds) Lehtikuusi puusepänteollisuuden raaka-aineena. Yhteistutkimushankkeen loppujulkaisu. Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen tiedonantoja, vol 809, pp 115–120 (in Finnish). English summary: Siberian larch as raw material. In: Bergstedt A, Lyck C (eds) Larch wood—a literature review, pp 67–86. Forest and Landscape Working Papers 23/2007, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen. Available at: http://www.sl.life.ku.dk/upload/workingpapersno23.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Sairanen P (1982) Properties and usage of larch timber in the mechanical forest industry of the Soviet Union. Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen tiedonantoja 72:25 (in Finnish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakki T (2000) Conventional drying of larch timber. Pro gradu thesis, Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, 45 p (in Finnish)

  • Sandberg D (2005) Distortion and visible crack formation in green and seasoned timber: influence of annual ring orientation in the cross section. Holz Roh- Werkst 63:11–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sipi M (1988) Processing and usage properties of larch wood in the mechanical forest industry. Drying and quality properties of larch timber. Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Forest Products, Laboratory of Mechanical Wood Technology, Otaniemi, Report 45, 41 p (in Finnish)

  • Tarvainen V, Kurkela J, Viitanen H (1999) Developing drying simulation model and schedules for larch timber. Puumies no 9:6–8 (in Finnish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Viitanen H, Paajanen L, Saranpää P, Viitaniemi P (1997) Durability of larch (Larix spp) wood against brown-rot fungi. The International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Stockholm, IRG Doc No: IRG/WP 97-10228, 8 p

  • Viitanen H, Villberg K, Saarela K (2001) Volatile organic compounds of larch wood and their impact on the usage. In: Verkasalo E, Viitanen H (eds) Lehtikuusi puusepänteollisuuden raaka-aineena. Yhteistutkimushankkeen loppujulkaisu. Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen tiedonantoja, vol 809, pp 99–114 (in Finnish). English summary: Siberian larch as raw material. In: Bergstedt A, Lyck C (eds) Larch wood—a literature review, pp 67–86. Forest and Landscape Working Papers 23/2007, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen. Available at: http://www.sl.life.ku.dk/upload/workingpapersno23.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Welling J (ed) (1994) EDG Recommendation. Assessment of drying quality of timber. Commission of the European Communities

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Mr. Kari Kuhmonen and Mr. Timo Aavakallio of the YTI Research Centre for consultations in project administration and drying research, and Mr. Jukka Korri for performing the drying processes. We are grateful to Mr. Teijo Nikkanen and other involved persons from Punkaharju Research Station, Finnish Forest Research Institute, and Mr. Jukka Huomolin from Pariwood Oy, Parikkala, Finland, for organising the Finnish and Siberian timber, respectively. This research belongs to the SIBLARCH project: “Decay resistant timber—Siberian Larch compared to Scots Pine in forestry and products”. The project was carried out by several public organizations and private companies in Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia and Sweden. The Project has been partly financed by the European Union (European Regional Development Fund) within the INTERREG IIIB Northern Periphery Programme.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Samuli Heikkonen

    Present address: Metsäliitto Cooperative, Finnforest, Plywood, P.O. Box 42, Vaneritehtaankatu 1, 44201, Suolahti, Finland

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland

    Katri Luostarinen

  2. YTI Research Centre, Jääkärinkatu 10 A, 50100, Mikkeli, Finland

    Samuli Heikkonen

Authors
  1. Katri Luostarinen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Samuli Heikkonen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Katri Luostarinen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Luostarinen, K., Heikkonen, S. Effect of radial origin on final moisture content and gradient, casehardening, cracking and deformations of dried Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) timber. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 70, 69–77 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-010-0491-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-010-0491-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation