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Up-milling and down-milling wood with different grain orientations – the cutting forces behaviour

Gleichlauf- und Gegenlauffräsen von Holz bei unterschiedlichem Faserverlauf – Verhalten der Zerspankräfte

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Abstract

Peripheral milling of wood with up milling and down milling techniques is very well known from a geometrical point of view. However, in processing anisotropic materials such as wood, these geometrical aspects imply relevant differences when machining. In fact, milling of anisotropic material leads to different cutting geometries when up- or down-milling and when increasing or decreasing the depth of cut resulting in different grain orientations depending on the adopted process. In this paper, tests performed when processing Douglas Fir with different depths of cut and grain orientations are described. The cutting forces were measured, and the dependence of the cutting forces with respect on the cutting geometry are analysed and discussed.

Zusammenfassung

Die geometrischen Aspekte beim Umfangfräsen mittels Gleichlauf- und Gegenlauffräsung sind weitgehend bekannt. Allerdings treten bei der Zerspanung von anisotropen Materialien wie z. B. Holz erhebliche Unterschiede auf. Tatsächlich führt das Fräsen von anisotropen Materialien beim Gleichlauf- und Gegenlauffräsen sowie bei einer Erhöhung oder Reduzierung der Frästiefe zu unterschiedlichen Schneidgeometrien, was in Abhängigkeit des angewandten Verfahrens zu einem unterschiedlichen Winkel zur Faserrichtung führt. Diese Studie berichtet über Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen an Douglasienholz mit unterschiedlichem Faserverlauf, das mit unterschiedlichen Frästiefen bearbeitet wurde. Die Beziehung zwischen den gemessenen Zerspankräften und den Schneidgeometrien wurde untersucht und beschrieben.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge the group UGV (Usinage Grande Vitesse) of the ENSAM Cluny for the help with the CNC router and the dynamometric platform that made this work possible.

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Correspondence to Giacomo Goli.

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Goli, G., Fioravanti, M., Marchal, R. et al. Up-milling and down-milling wood with different grain orientations – the cutting forces behaviour. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 68, 385–395 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-009-0374-5

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