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Experimental assessment of the pull-out strength of single rods bonded in glulam parallel to the grain

Untersuchung der Ausziehfestigkeit von einer in Brettschichtholz in Faserrichtung eingeklebten Gewindestange

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Abstract

The use of glued-in rods is a very efficient technique for connecting timber elements either in restoration or in the construction of new structures. It has been used for about 30 years in several countries all over the world. However, despite multiple research efforts, there is still a lack of consensus on a standard method to design such connections and to compute their carrying capacity. If a company wishes to include this system in its design possibilities, it has to validate it by testing. This paper reports on the results of a test program aiming at situating the glued-in rod connecting technique of the Belgian glulam company Lamcol with the main existing design methods. A total of 60 specimens of glued-in rod joints were tested in pull-pull configuration. The varying parameters were the anchoring length and the rod diameter. The rods were threaded steel bars. They were bonded into glulam Norway spruce lamellas parallel to the grain by means of an epoxy-type adhesive injection. The preparation of the specimens was kept very simple, as close as possible to the actual production technique of the company. The main difference with previously reported test results comes from the failure modes. Failure occurred mainly by splitting of the wood element along the anchorage although the standard recommendations for the distance between the rods and the edges of the specimens were respected. Two strength models are derived empirically from the analysis of the test results which are also compared with predictions from computation methods proposed in the literature.

Zusammenfassung

Die Verwendung eingeklebter Gewindestangen ist eine sehr effiziente Methode zur Verbindung von Holzbauteilen sowohl bei der Sanierung als auch bei der Errichtung neuer Bauwerke, welche seit über 30 Jahren in verschiedenen Ländern weltweit angewandt wird. Trotz vielfacher Forschungsbemühungen gibt es immer noch keinen Konsensus darüber, wie diese Verbindungen bemessen und ihre Tragfähigkeit berechnet werden kann. Falls eine Firma dieses System nutzen möchte, muss sie die Bemessung auf Versuche stützen. In dieser Studie werden die Ergebnisse eines Versuchsprogramms vorgestellt, das zum Ziel hatte, die Verbindungstechnik mit eingeklebten Gewindestangen des belgischen Brettschichtholzunternehmens Lamcol mit den bestehenden Bemessungsverfahren anwendbar zu machen. Insgesamt wurden 60 Proben mit eingeklebten Gewindestangen in Ausziehversuchen mit unterschiedlichen Verankerungslängen und Durchmessern der Stahlgewindestangen geprüft. Die Stangen wurden in Fichtenbrettschichtholz in Faserrichtung mit einem Epoxidklebstoff eingeklebt. Die Herstellung der Proben wurde sehr einfach gehalten und entsprach möglichst genau dem praktischen Produktionsverfahren des Unternehmens. Der Hauptunterschied zu den bisherigen Versuchsergebnissen liegt im Bruchbild. Der Bruch trat in erster Linie durch Aufspalten des Holzes entlang der Verankerung auf, obwohl die Empfehlungen für den Abstand zwischen den Gewindestangen und zum Rand der Prüfkörper berücksichtigt wurden. Aus den Versuchsergebnissen wurden zwei Festigkeitsmodelle empirisch abgeleitet und die Ergebnisse mit den in der Literatur vorgeschlagenen Berechnungsverfahren verglichen.

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Rossignon, A., Espion, B. Experimental assessment of the pull-out strength of single rods bonded in glulam parallel to the grain . Holz Roh Werkst 66, 419–432 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-008-0263-3

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