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Measurement of wood grain angle, moisture content and density using microwaves

Messung der Faserneigung, der Holzfeuchte und der Rohdichte mittels Mikrowellen

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Abstract

In many wood products manufacturing processes, it is important to ensure that the physical properties of the raw material lie within acceptable ranges and are measured reliably. It is also important for practical use that the measurement process is robust, low-maintenance, fast and preferably non-contacting. This paper describes the development and demonstration of a microwave system for simultaneously identifying wood grain angle, moisture and density. The method involves propagating a microwave beam through the wood and measuring the resulting depolarization, attenuation and phase shift. The wood physical properties can then be identified from these measurements. In a series of measurements, the prototype microwave system successfully identified wood grain angles for hemlock and Douglas fir respectively with standard errors of 0.9° and 2.5° (measured range = -90° to +90°), moisture content 1.2% and 1.9% (measured range = 7–28%), moisture density 3.7 kg/m3 and 7.9 kg/m3 (measured range = 40–150 kg/m3, and dry density 16 kg/m3 and 30 kg/m3 (measured range = 325–625 kg/m3).

Zusammenfassung

In vielen Bereichen der Holzbe- und -verarbeitung ist es wichtig, dass die Materialeigenschaften innerhalb zulässiger Bereiche liegen und die Eigenschaften zuverlässig gemessen werden. In der Praxis sollten diese Messverfahren robust, schnell, wartungsarm und möglichst berührungslos sein. In diesem Artikel wird die Entwicklung und Eignung eines Mikrowellensystems für die gleichzeitige Bestimmung von Faserneigung, Holzfeuchte und Rohdichte beschrieben. Bei dieser Methode wird das Holz mit Mikrowellen durchstrahlt und die dabei entstehende Depolarisierung, Schwächung und Phasenverschiebung gemessen. Anhand dieser Messungen können die physikalischen Holzeigenschaften bestimmt werden. Mit einem Prototyp gelang es die Faserneigung, die Holzfeuchte und die Rohdichte von Hemlocktanne und Douglasie zu bestimmen, und zwar lag die Faserneigung in einem Messbereich von -90° bis +90° mit einer Standardabweichung von 0.9° bzw. 2.5°, die Holzfeuchte in einem Messbereich von 7–28% mit einer Standardabweichung von 1.2% bzw. 1.9%, die Dichte der Feuchte in einem Messbereich von 40–150 kg/m3 mit einer Standardabweichung von 3.7 kg/m3 bzw. 7.9 kg/m3 sowie die Trockenrohdichte in einem Messbereich von 325–625 kg/m3 mit einer Standardabweichung von 16 kg/m3 bzw. 30 kg/m3.

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Correspondence to Gary S. Schajer.

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Schajer, G., Orhan, F. Measurement of wood grain angle, moisture content and density using microwaves. Holz Roh Werkst 64, 483–490 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-006-0109-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-006-0109-9

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