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Characterisation and modification of the heat affected zone during laser material processing of wood and wood composites

Charakterisierung und Beeinflussung der Wärmeeinflusszone bei der Laserbearbeitung von Holz und Holzwerkstoffen

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Abstract

The heat affected zones (HAZ) at laser cut and laser joint wooden material surfaces were characterised measuring the temperature profile of the process within the cut kerf of particleboard and plywood, as well as the HAZ of the CO2 laser cut and Nd:YAG laser joint pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) surface using microscopy, UV microspectrophotometry and pyrolysis-GC/MS.

The width of the HAZ can be selectively modified within the range of 14–70 μm. The HAZ systematically depends on the material and process parameters, such as earlywood or latewood fibre, cut direction and laser energy per section. The thermal induced changes in wood composition were analysed for lignins and carbohydrates. The chemical and structural modifications seem to be most intense at the laser treated surface and decreases to levelling off at 35–40 μm distance from the surface.

Zusammenfassung

Die Wärmeeinflusszone (WEZ) von mit Laserstrahlung getrennten und gefügten Werkstoffen aus Holz wurde thermographisch, mikroskopisch und topochemisch untersucht. Die Charakterisierung erfolgte anhand der Temperaturprofile im Schnittspalt des Laserschneidens von Spanplatte und Sperrholz sowie durch Analyse der WEZ von mit CO2-Laserstrahlung getrenntem bzw. mit Nd:YAG-Laserstrahlung gefügtem Kiefernholz (Pinus sylvestris L.) mittels Mikroskopie, UV-Mikrospektralphotometrie und Pyrolyse-GC/MS.

Die Breite der WEZ kann im Bereich von 14–70 μm gezielt beeinflusst werden. Sie hängt systematisch von den Werkstoff- und Prozessparametern, wie Frühholz- bzw. Spätholzanteil, Vorschub- bzw. Faserrichtung und der Laser-Streckenenergie ab. Die thermisch induzierte Modifikation des Holzes wurde anhand von Lignin bzw. Ligninderivaten und Kohlenhydraten analysiert. Die stärkste Modifikation kann an der laserbehandelten Oberfläche beobachtet werden; sie nimmt stetig bis zur Entfernung von 35–40 μm von der Oberfläche ab.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419, Hannover, Germany

    S. Barcikowski

  2. Institut für Holzbiologie und Holzschutz, Bundesforschungsanstalt für Forst- u. Holzwirtschaft, Leuschnerstr. 91, 21031, Hamburg, Germany

    G. Koch

  3. Zentrum Holzwirtschaft-chemische Holztechnologie, Universität Hamburg, Leuschnerstr. 91, 21031, Hamburg, Germany

    J. Odermatt

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Correspondence to S. Barcikowski.

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Barcikowski, S., Koch, G. & Odermatt, J. Characterisation and modification of the heat affected zone during laser material processing of wood and wood composites. Holz Roh Werkst 64, 94–103 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-005-0028-1

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