Zusammenfassung
Das Plattenepithelkarzinom der Haut ist eine der häufigsten Krebsarten der kaukasischen Population und umfasst 20 % aller Hauttumoren. Seit 2019 liegt eine S3-Leitlinie des deutschen Leitlinienprogramms Onkologie vor. Die Diagnose basiert auf der klinischen Untersuchung. Eine Exzision und histologische Sicherung ist bei allen klinisch verdächtigen Läsionen erforderlich, um eine prognostische Einschätzung und korrekte Behandlung zu ermöglichen. Die Therapie der ersten Wahl ist die vollständige Exzision mit histologischer Schnittrandkontrolle. Bei kutanen Plattenepithelkarzinomen mit Risikofaktoren wie einer Tumordicke >6 mm kann eine Sentinellymphknotenbiopsie diskutiert werden, derzeit gibt es aber noch keine klare Evidenz bezüglich der prognostischen und therapeutischen Bedeutung. Eine adjuvante Radiatio kann bei hohem Rezidivrisiko erwogen und sollte bei inoperablen Tumoren geprüft werden. Zur Therapie eines inoperablen lokalen bzw. lokoregionären Rezidivs sollte auch die Indikation zur Elektrochemotherapie geprüft werden. Bei inoperablen oder metastasierten Plattenepithelkarzinomen ist der Immuncheckpointinhibitor Cemiplimab zugelassen. Bei Kontraindikationen können Chemotherapeutika, EGFR(„epidermal growth factor receptor“)-Inhibitoren oder eine palliative Radiatio eingesetzt werden. Da die Evidenz hier gering ist, sollte eine Systemtherapie vorzugsweise in klinischen Studien erfolgen. Die Nachsorge sollte risikoadaptiert stattfinden und schließt eine dermatologische Kontrolle ergänzt um Ultraschalluntersuchungen bei Hochrisikopatienten ein.
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common cancers of the Caucasian population and accounts for 20% of all skin tumours. An S3 guideline of the German Guideline Program in Oncology has been available since 2019. The diagnosis is based on the clinical examination. Excision and histological confirmation is required for all clinically suspicious lesions to allow prognostic assessment and correct treatment. The therapy of first choice is complete excision with histological control of the surgical margin. In cSCC with risk factors such as tumor thickness >6 mm, sentinel lymph node biopsy may be discussed, but there is currently no clear evidence of its prognostic and therapeutic relevance. Adjuvant radiation therapy may be considered in cases of high risk of recurrence and should be tested in cases of inoperable tumors. The indication for electrochemotherapy should also be considered in the treatment of local or locoregional recurrence. The immune checkpoint inhibitor cemiplimab is approved for the treatment of inoperable or metastasized cSCC. In case of contraindications, chemotherapeutic agents, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors or palliative radiotherapy can be used. Since the evidence is low in these cases, a systemic therapy should be used preferentially within clinical studies. Follow-up care should be risk-adapted and includes a dermatological control, supplemented by ultrasound examinations in high-risk patients.
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U. Leiter: Honorare für Vorträge und Advisory Boards von MSD, Sanofi, Roche, Novartis und Sun Pharma, Forschungsgelder von MSD. R. Gutzmer: Forschungsunterstützung: Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Amgen, Merck Serono. Vortragstätigkeit: Roche Pharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, MSD, Almirall Hermal, Amgen, SUN, Pierre Fabre, Merck Serono, Sanofi, Bayer; Beratertätigkeit: Roche Pharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, MSD, Almirall Hermal, Amgen, SUN, Pierre Fabre, Merck Serono, Sanofi, Takeda, 4SC, SUN, Pfizer. M. Alter: Beratertätigkeiten, Vortragshonorare, Fortbildungs- und Kongresseinladungen: Sanofi, Roche, Novartis, BMS, MSD, Pierre Fabre, Takeda, Sun, AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer/Merck. C. Ulrich: Studienhonorar, Advisory Board und Vortragshonorar von Sanofi und Regeneron. A. Meiwes gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. M.V. Heppt hat Vortrags- und Beraterhonorare von Galderma, Almirall Hermal und Sanofi erhalten. T. Steeb gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. C. Berking hat Beraterhonorare von Almirall Hermal, Galderma, Leo Pharma und Sanofi-Aventis sowie Vortragshonorare von Leo Pharma erhalten. C. Berking hat als Prüfärztin an klinischen Studien im Indikationsgebiet aktinische Keratosen der Firma Biofrontera und im Indikationsgebiet Plattenepithelkarzinom der Firma Regeneron Pharmaceuticals teilgenommen. Darüber hinaus hat C. Berking von Leo Pharma finanzielle Mittel für klinisch-angewandte Forschung erhalten. A.S. Lonsdorf hat Honorare als Berater und/oder Sprecher von Galderma Laboratorium GmbH, Novartis und L’Oréal Deutschland GmbH erhalten. M.M. Sachse: Finanzielle Interessen: Beraterhonorare und/oder Referentenhonorar von Sanofi. C. Garbe berichtet über Fördermittel und persönliche Honorare von Sanofi während der Erstellung der Arbeit; persönliche Honorare von Amgen, persönliche Honorare von MSD, Fördermittel und persönliche Honorare von Novartis, persönliche Honorare von NeraCare, Fördermittel und persönliche Honorare von BMS, persönliche Honorare von Philogen, Fördermittel und persönliche Honorare von Roche außerhalb der eingereichten Arbeit. U. Hillen hat Unterstützung für Konferenzteilnahmen von L’Oréal, Takeda, Almirall Hermal, BMS, AMGEN, MSD, Novartis, Roche, Biofrontera und Pierre Fabre erhalten, war Mitglied in wissenschaftlichen Beiräten von Novartis und Takeda, hat Honorare von OmniaMed, AbbVie und Novartis erhalten und für Magnosco und Novartis geforscht.
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Für das Komitee „Epitheliale Tumoren“ der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Dermatologische Onkologie: U. Leiter, R. Gutzmer, M. Alter, C. Ulrich, M.V. Heppt, A.S. Lonsdorf, M.M. Sachse, U. Hillen
Diese Arbeit beruht auf einer Aktualisierung des Artikels von Leiter U, Gutzmer R, Alter M et al. (2016) Kutanes Plattenepithelkarzinom. Hautarzt 67, 857–866, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-016-3875-2, und basiert in Teilen auf der S3-Leitlinie Aktinische Keratosen und Plattenepithelkarzinom (Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie [Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft, Deutsche Krebshilfe, AWMF]: S3-Leitlinie Aktinische Keratose und Plattenepithelkarzinom der Haut, Kurzversion 1.1, 2020, AWMF Registernummer: 032/022OL, https://www.leitlinienprogramm-onkologie.de/leitlinien/aktinische-keratosen-und-plattenepithelkarzinom-der-haut/ [abgerufen am: 02.05.2020]).
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Leiter, U., Gutzmer, R., Alter, M. et al. Kutanes Plattenepithelkarzinom. Hautarzt 71, 597–606 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-020-04620-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-020-04620-4