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Intraabdominelle und retroperitoneale Sarkome

Intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal sarcomas

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Zusammenfassung

Sarkome sind eine Gruppe von seltenen Tumoren, die vom mesenchymalen Gewebe ausgehen. Die radikale R0-Resektion ist die einzige kurative Option. Dies ist besonders bei retroperitonealer oder intraabdomineller Lage häufig herausfordernd.

Dieser Artikel beschreibt die aktuelle Datenlage hinsichtlich der optimalen interdisziplinären und vor allen Dingen chirurgischen Therapie retroperitonealer und intraabdomineller Sarkome.

Die chirurgische Resektion retroperitonealer Sarkome sollte nach den Prinzipien der radikalen „Kompartmentresektion“ durchgeführt werden, d. h. dass durch die Wahl der Resektionsschichten das Sarkom bei der Resektion komplett von Umgebungsgewebe bedeckt bleibt, was auch die Resektion nicht offensichtlich infiltrierter, angrenzender Organe beinhaltet. Das höchste Ziel ist die R0-Resektion ohne Eröffnung der Tumorkapsel in der primären Operation, da hiermit die besten Langzeitergebnisse erreicht werden.

Abstract

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors that originate from mesenchymal tissue. Radical R0 resection is the only curative option, which is especially challenging in retroperitoneal or intra-abdominal sarcomas. This article describes the current data on optimal interdisciplinary and primarily surgical therapy of visceral sarcomas. Surgical resection of retroperitoneal sarcomas must be performed according to the principle of radical compartmental resection, i.e. with complete excision of the mass along with en bloc visceral resection of adjacent organs and tissues covering the tumor, which also contains any not obviously infiltrated neighboring organs. The main objective is R0 resection without opening the tumor capsule in the primary operation because the best long-term results can be achieved with this approach.

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Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Kirchberg.

Ethics declarations

Interessenkonflikt

J. Kirchberg und J. Weitz geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

Appendices

CME-Fragebogen

Von welchem Gewebe nehmen Sarkome ihren Ursprung?

Mesoderm

Endoderm

Ektoderm

Mesenchym

Hyaluron

Der Anteil intraabdomineller/retroperitonealer Sarkome an allen Sarkomen liegt bei …

etwa 10 %.

etwa 20 %.

etwa 5 %.

etwa 80 %.

etwa 3 %.

Der Punktionsort zur diagnostischen Sicherung innerhalb des Sarkoms sollte zur Sicherstellung einer repräsentativen Probe möglichst …

die Tumorkapsel sein.

das Tumorzentrum sein.

der vermeintlich stoffwechselinaktive Tumoranteil sein.

der vermeintlich stoffwechselaktivste, am besten vaskularisierte Teil des Tumors sein.

die peritumoröse Zone sein.

Was ist das beschriebene Resultat der radikalen Resektionstechnik bei Sarkomen, die von Bonvalot und Gronchi beschrieben wird, gegenüber der organsparenden, weniger radikalen Resektionstechnik?

Niedrigere Rezidivraten

Erhöhte Raten von Tumorrupturen

Erhöhte Fernmetastasierungsraten

Erniedrigte Fernmetastasierungsraten

Eine erhöhte R1-Rate

Welche(s) Struktur/Organ ist bei retroperitonealen Sarkomen am häufigsten von Metastasen betroffen?

Lunge

Leber

Lymphknoten

Milz

Niere

Welches Medikament hat bei der GIST-Therapie die nachgewiesenermaßen höchste Wirksamkeit?

Aspirin

Fluorouracil

Bevacizumab

Irinotecan

Imantinib

Welche drei Faktoren gehören zum Armed Forces Institutes of Pathology (AFIP-)Risikoscore für GIST von Miettinen und Lasota?

Kontrastmittelaufnahme im CT, Tumorlokalisation und Proliferationsindex

Tumorgröße, männliches Geschlecht, Proliferationsindex

Tumorgröße, Tumorlokalisation, gebärfähiges Lebensalter

Kolorektale Tumorerkrankung, Tumorlokalisation und Proliferationsindex

Tumorgröße, Tumorlokalisation und Proliferationsindex

Welches ist der häufigste histologische Subtyp beim retroperitonealen Weichteilsarkom?

Leiomyosarkom

Liposarkom

Solider fibröser Tumor

GIST

Chondrosarkom

Was gilt als anerkanntes oberstes chirurgisches Therapieziel bei Sarkomresektionen mit großem Einfluss auf eine günstige Prognose?

Eine möglichst organerhaltende Resektion.

Eine Resektion innerhalb der Tumorkapsel.

Die R0-Resektion.

Die R1-Resektion.

Eine laparoskopische Resektionstechnik.

Was bezeichnet der Begriff „Kompartmentresektion“?

Die Resektion des Sarkoms inklusive des Umgebungsgewebes, d. h. auch die Resektion nicht offensichtlich infiltrierter angrenzender Organe.

Die Resektion des Tumors inklusive des viszeralen Peritoneums.

Die Resektion eingebettet in ein multimodales Konzept bestehend aus neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie und adjuvanter Radiotherapie.

Die Therapie am erfahrenen Sarkomzentrum.

Die Resektion von mindestens 3 Organen.

Lösungen

1D, 2B, 3D, 4A, 5B, 6E, 7E, 8B, 9C, 10A

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Kirchberg, J., Weitz, J. Intraabdominelle und retroperitoneale Sarkome. Chirurg 87, 255–268 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-016-0156-7

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