Zusammenfassung
Die Anzahl an Menschen, die internationale Reisen unternehmen, ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten stetig gestiegen. Unter den Reisenden befinden sich in zunehmendem Maß auch Menschen, bei denen ein erhöhtes Risiko für impfpräventable Infektionserkrankungen oder die Entwicklung von schwereren Krankheitsverläufen besteht.
Senioren, Kinder, Schwangere und Stillende, Personen mit besonderen Vorerkrankungen sowie Menschen, die in ihrem Herkunftsland Verwandte und Freunde besuchen (Visiting Friends and Relatives [VFR]), sind Risikogruppen, die bei der reisemedizinischen Vorsorge allgemein und besonders hinsichtlich empfohlener Impfungen besondere Beachtung verdienen. Bei einigen dieser Risikogruppen sind Einschränkungen bezüglich der Verträglichkeit oder der Wirksamkeit notwendiger Impfungen zu berücksichtigen.
Nicht zu allen Risikogruppen und jedem Impfstoff gibt es eine eindeutige Studienlage, sodass die Beratung vor einer Reise immer eine Einzelfallbetrachtung unter Abwägung von individuellem Nutzen und Risiko erfordert. Im vorliegenden Beitrag sind die Besonderheiten für jede Gruppe aufgeführt, die es grundsätzlich bei der reisemedizinischen Vorsorge zu beachten gilt.
Abstract
The number of international travelers has been continuously increasing in recent decades. Among travelers, there are more and more people at an increased risk for acquiring diseases that could be prevented by vaccines or for the development of a severe course of disease. Risk groups in travel medicine are senior travelers, children, pregnant and breast-feeding women, persons with pre-existing medical conditions, and persons who visit their friends and relatives abroad (VFR). Individuals in these groups require attention during pretravel advice consultations, particularly with regards to recommended vaccinations. On the other hand, for some risk groups, particular vaccines cannot be given for safety reasons or because the response to vaccines is reduced. Not all risk groups or each vaccine have sufficient evidence available, so each patient’s risks and benefits must be weighed during pretravel consultation. In this article, the particularities for each risk group with respect to pretravel immunization are highlighted.
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K. Kling, O. Wichmann und G. Burchard geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.
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Kling, K., Wichmann, O. & Burchard, G. Reiseimpfungen für besondere Personengruppen. Bundesgesundheitsbl 63, 85–92 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-019-03067-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-019-03067-w