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Transradial access in percutaneous coronary interventions

Technique and procedure

Transradialer Zugang zur perkutanen transluminalen Koronarintervention

Technik und Durchführung

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Abstract

After showing significantly lower complication rates in diagnostic coronary angiography, the radial artery access was successfully introduced as a useful vascular access site for transradial percutaneous coronary intervention in order to enhance patients’ comfort and reduce hospital workload and costs. Moreover, due to the reduced need for antiplatelet therapy cessation as a result of lower bleeding complications, patients treated with transradial access showed a significantly better cardiac outcome in randomized interventional acute coronary syndrome studies.

Procedural success and postprocedural radial arteritis or radial occlusions are closely related to anatomical circumstances (e.g., anomalous radial branching patterns, tortuosity, e.g., radial loops and small radial artery diameters), or risk factors for radial spasms (e.g. smoking, anxiety, vessel diameter, age, gender) which can effectively be reduced by the use of smaller catheters (4–5 Fr) and the administration of an adjuvant pharmacological therapy before (3000 U heparin, verapamil, nitroglycerine) and after (ibuprofen) the intervention.

For successful radial sheath access and transradial catheterization, it is important to use dedicated radial access needles ≤21-gauge and steel wires ≤0.018 in. In order to pass the brachiocephalic trunk without difficulties or complications and access the ascending aorta, the use of inspiration maneuvers is of central importance.

Zusammenfassung

Nachdem der radiale Zugang zu deutlich niedrigeren Komplikationsraten bei der diagnostischen Koronarangiographie geführt hat, konnte er sich auch aufgrund des höheren Patientenkomforts, des geringeren Arbeitsaufwands und der niedrigeren Kosten später als Zugang für die perkutane Koronarintervention etablieren. Darüber hinaus konnten nach radialem Zugang bessere Langzeitresultate auch der typischen kardialen Endpunkte dokumentiert werden, was dadurch erklärt wird, dass aufgrund der niedrigeren Blutungskomplikationen die Antikoagulation weniger häufig modifiziert bzw. abgesetzt werden muss.

Erfolg und typische Komplikationen (postprozedurale Arteriitis bzw. Arterienverschluss) stehen im Zusammenhang mit anatomischen Voraussetzungen (z. B. Gefäßkinking wie radialer Loop, abnorme Verzweigungen, kleiner Gefäßdurchmesser) und Risikofaktoren für Gefäßspasmen (z. B. Rauchen, Erregtheitszustände, geringer Gefäßdurchmesser, Alter, Geschlecht). Diese Komplikationen konnten durch kleinere Katheter (4–5 Fr) und eine adjuvante pharmakologische Therapie prä- (3000 I.E. Heparin, Verapamil, Nitroglyzerin i. a.) wie postinterventionell (Ibuprofen p.o.) deutlich reduziert werden.

Für einen erfolgreichen Zugang ist es wichtig, radiale Punktionsnadeln ≤21 G mit einem Stahldraht ≤0,018 Inch zu verwenden. Um den Truncus brachiocephalicus ohne Schwierigkeiten bzw. Komplikationen zu passieren und die Aorta ascendens zu erreichen, sind Inspirationsmanöver des Patienten von zentraler Bedeutung.

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The corresponding author states that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Correspondence to J.B. Dahm M.D..

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Dahm, J., Wolpers, H., Becker, J. et al. Transradial access in percutaneous coronary interventions. Herz 35, 482–487 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-010-3372-9

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