Synthesis of nucleobase-neomycin conjugates and evaluation of their DNA binding, cytotoxicities, and antibacterial properties
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Abstract
Neomycin is known to preferentially bind to A-form nucleic acid structures including triplex DNA, DNA and RNA hybrid, and duplex RNA. Tethering a DNA intercalator moiety to the C5” position of the ring III of neomycin is a practical approach to develop potent binders targeting various nucleic acid secondary structures via a synergistic effect; however, the minimal stacking surface of the intercalating moiety required to exhibit the effect remains unclear. In the present work, we synthesized four nucleobase and neomycin conjugates via click chemistry. All four conjugates stabilized a DNA oligonucleotide triplex in the thermal denaturation experiments monitored by UV. The guanine-neomycin conjugate (6b) showed a better triplex stabilization effect than neomycin. All the conjugates, as well as neomycin, exhibited no thermal stabilization effect on a human telomeric DNA G-quadruplex. These results suggest that the synergistic effect of binding is vastly dependent on the surface area of the stacking moiety of the conjugates. In addition, tethering a nucleobase to the C5” position of neomycin enhanced the cytotoxicity of neomycin toward MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cells but decreased the antibacterial effect of neomycin against several Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species.
Keywords
Neomycin DNA binding ligands Cell viability Antibacterial effectAbbreviations
- Neo
neomycin
- rRNA
ribosomal RNA
- TAR
trans-activation response element
- AMEs
aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes
- BQQ
benzo[f]quino[3,4-b]quinoxaline
- DMSO
dimethyl sulfoxide
- MTT
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- IC50
half maximal inhibitory concentration
- MIC
minimum inhibitory concentration
- NMR
nuclear magnetic resonance
- UHPLC
ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography
- IR
infrared
- ESI
electrospray ionization
- HRMS
high-resolution mass spectrometry
- TOF
time of flight
- FBS
fetal bovine serum
- DMEM
Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium
- KB test
Kirby–Bauer test
- OD
optical density
Notes
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the University of the Pacific. We also thank Dr. William K. Chan for providing MCF-7 and HeLa cells.
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Supplementary material
References
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