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One-Dimensional Velocity Model, Station Correction and Earthquake Relocation of Local Earthquakes in the Koyna–Warna Region, India

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In this paper we investigated the feasibility of using the higher-frequency waveforms to characterize the seismicity in the Koyna–Warna region, globally well-known for its reservoir-triggered earthquakes. The local seismicity and source parameters have been extensively explored by many researchers using various types of data, e.g. analog data, broadband seismological data, and deep seismic sounding data. However, here we have utilized the seismological data recorded by 97 temporary 4.5-Hz geophones to locate the local seismicity in the region. We first investigated an appropriate 1-D P-wave velocity model through the inversion of P- and S-times. In order to compensate for the thick and laterally heterogeneous basalt, we incorporated the station corrections in the 1-D velocity inversion process. The station correction varies from + 0.09 to − 0.20 s for the P-waves, with clear demarcations of positive and negative station corrections corresponding to the northern and southern regions, respectively. The patterns of positive and negative station corrections suggested that the northern part is characterized by lower velocity, while slighter higher velocities present in the southern part of the study area are relative to the estimated 1-D velocity model. The earthquake locations are further improved by using the double-difference (hypoDD) approach, which enabled us to accurately map shallow subsurface seismogenic faults in the region. The data comprises 10,062 P-wave and 9049 S-wave catalog differential times from 348 earthquakes (1.0 ≤ ML ≤ 4.5). The precisely relocated earthquakes (ERH < 0.05 km ERZ < 0.5 km and rms < 0.02 s) form the three clusters of earthquakes in the NW–SE direction along the lineaments close to Warna Reservoir. The observed seismicity trends on the surface could be due to the vertical manifestations of faults or fractures. Their alignments are confirmed by the analysis of focal mechanism which exhibits a predominant normal type of faults with one nodal plane consistent with the main alignment of the seismic events.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the Director of the CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad for his kind permission to publish this work (manuscript reference no. NGRI/Lib/2018/Pub-91). We are very thankful to Prof. Harsh K. Gupta for providing valuable suggestions. For 1-D inversion of velocities and hypocenter locations, VELEST software was used (http://www.seg.ethz.ch/software/velest.html). The well-known SEISAN software was used to prepare the catalog (https://www.uib.no/rg/geodyn/artikler/2010/02/software). For relocation, the double-difference code (hypoDD) is used (https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~felixw/hypoDD.html). The manuscript has been improved immensely by the comments by the editor and two anonymous reviewers. Figures were generated using SigmaPlot 2010 and the Generic Mapping Tool (GMT) (Wessel and Smith 1995). Financial assistance by the Ministry of Earth Science (MoES), New Delhi is gratefully acknowledged.

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    Sanjay Kumar & Prakash Kumar

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Kumar, S., Kumar, P. One-Dimensional Velocity Model, Station Correction and Earthquake Relocation of Local Earthquakes in the Koyna–Warna Region, India. Pure Appl. Geophys. 176, 4761–4782 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02264-7

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