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Anatomy of autophagy: from the beginning to the end

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Abstract

Autophagy is a highly regulated process in eukaryotes to maintain homeostasis and manage stress responses. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms and key players involved in autophagy will provide critical insights into disease-related pathogenesis and potential clinical treatments. In this review, we describe the hallmark events involved in autophagy, from its initiation, to the final destruction of engulfed targets. Furthermore, based on structural and biochemical data, we evaluate the roles of key players in these processes and provide rationale as to how they control autophagic events in a highly ordered manner.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Jiangsu collaborative innovation center of meat production and processing for technical assistance and J.D. Hulleman from UT Southwestern Medical Center for reading the manuscript. The work was supported by grants to R.L. from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 31771532), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant no. 2017YFD0400200), the Jiangsu Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (Grant no. SBK2017010325), the Jiangsu Natural Science Funds (Grant no. SBK2016043530), the fundamental research funds for the central universities (Grant no. 0806j0498), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 31771529) to R.Y.G. Funding was provided by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant no. BK20160729).

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  1. Xiaoyong Zhi and Wenzhi Feng contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China

    Xiaoyong Zhi & Rong Liu

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA

    Wenzhi Feng

  3. Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

    Yueguang Rong

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  1. Xiaoyong Zhi
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Correspondence to Yueguang Rong or Rong Liu.

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Zhi, X., Feng, W., Rong, Y. et al. Anatomy of autophagy: from the beginning to the end. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 75, 815–831 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-017-2657-z

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