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Swertiamarin ameliorates inflammation and osteoclastogenesis intermediates in IL-1β induced rat fibroblast-like synoviocytes

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Abstract

Objective and design

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease that leads to aggressive joint cartilage and bone destruction. Swertiamarin is a secoiridoid glycoside found in Enicostema axillare (Lam) A. Raynal, a medicinal plant used in the Indian system of traditional medicine. In the present study, the potential of swertiamarin was evaluated in IL-1β induced fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS).

Methods

The FLS were isolated from Freund’s Complete Adjuvant induced arthritic (AA) rats and cultured with IL-1β. The normal FLS and AA-FLS were cultured and used for subsequent experiment in fibroblastic morphology form. The efficacy of swertiamarin (10–50 μg/ml) was evaluated on mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory and osteoclastogenesis mediators. The efficacy was also evaluated on p38 MAPKα levels with time course studies (2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h).

Results

IL-1β induced cell proliferation (149.46 ± 13.73 %) and NO production (162.03 ± 11.03 %) in AA-FLS; treatment with swertiamarin controlled proliferation (82.77 ± 4.22 %) and NO production (82.06 ± 3.91 % at 50 μg/ml) in a dose-dependent manner. It also significantly (P < 0.05) modulated the expression of apoptotic marker (caspase 3), proinflammation mediators (TNFα, IL-6, PGE2, COX-2, iNOS, MMPs) and osteoclastogenic mediator (RANKL) at both the mRNA and protein levels. Treatment with swertiamarin inhibited the levels of p38 MAPKα in a dose-dependent manner and also significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the release of the same in time dependent mode.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that treatment with swertiamarin attenuated IL-1β induced FLS, and it revealed anti-inflammatory potential by attenuating aggressive FLS.

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Acknowledgments

Financial assistance in the form of a Senior Research Fellowship given by Indian Council for Medical Research (No. 45/81/2011/BMS/TRM), New Delhi to the first author is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai for financial assistance.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India

    S. Saravanan, M. Gabriel Paulraj & S. Ignacimuthu

  2. Division of Microbiology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India

    V. I. Hairul Islam & S. Ignacimuthu

  3. Pondicherry Centre for Biological Sciences, Pondicherry, 605 005, India

    V. I. Hairul Islam & K. Thirugnanasambantham

  4. Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600 007, India

    N. Pazhanivel

  5. Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshiammal Dental College, Maduravoyal, Chennai, 600 095, India

    N. Raghuraman

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  1. S. Saravanan
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Correspondence to S. Ignacimuthu.

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Responsible Editor: Liwu Li.

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Saravanan, S., Hairul Islam, V.I., Thirugnanasambantham, K. et al. Swertiamarin ameliorates inflammation and osteoclastogenesis intermediates in IL-1β induced rat fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Inflamm. Res. 63, 451–462 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-014-0717-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-014-0717-5

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