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Allergen-Specific T Cells in IgE-Mediated Food Allergy

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  • Published:
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis Aims and scope

Abstract

Food allergy is the major reason for severe anaphylaxis in childhood and adolescence. Currently, effective and safe treatments for food allergy are unavailable. Allergen-specific CD4+ T cells have a pivotal role in causing and maintaining the allergic response to food allergens. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview on the role of allergen-specific T cells in food allergy during allergic sensitization, natural tolerance development and allergen immunotherapy. Allergen-specific T cells in the context of food allergy are predominantly of a Th2 type with slightly different surface marker expression patterns in different food allergies. During the process of reverting food allergy to a status of tolerance or sustained unresponsiveness there is a loss of this Th2 committed compartment with an asymptotic approximation to a regulatory and Th0/Th1 dominated compartment seen in non-allergic individuals. This process is accompanied by a significant reduction of absolute frequencies of allergen-specific T cells. Particularly, regulatory T cells may provide significant help to achieve sustained control of the effector cell populations via suppression of effector cell function and possibly induction of blocking antibodies.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Grants from: Islamic Development Bank Merit Scholarship Programme for 1433H (2012-13), HSBC Bank Canada Catalyst Research Grant from The Hospital for Sick Children, Innovation Fund Denmark #6159-00005A.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Aziza Saidova & Marta Ponce

  2. Department of Hospital Pediatrics No. 1, Clinical Allergology, Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

    Aziza Saidova

  3. Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program, Division of Immunology and Allergy, The Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada

    Ahuva Magder Hershkop & Thomas Eiwegger

  4. Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada

    Thomas Eiwegger

  5. Department of Pediatrics and Department of Immunology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Thomas Eiwegger

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  3. Marta Ponce
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  4. Thomas Eiwegger
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Correspondence to Thomas Eiwegger.

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Saidova, A., Hershkop, A.M., Ponce, M. et al. Allergen-Specific T Cells in IgE-Mediated Food Allergy. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. 66, 161–170 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-017-0501-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-017-0501-7

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