Skip to main content
Log in

Update on recycled paperboard and its compliance for food contact

An interdisciplinary statement

  • Review article
  • Published:
Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The last 3 years brought much movement around the migration from recycled paperboard in general and of mineral oil in particular. It has been shown that it is unrealistic to ensure the safety of the many and variable migrants from recycled fibers. The toxicological evaluation of mineral oil remains uncertain, but the strong accumulation of certain saturated mineral hydrocarbons in human tissues might increase the concern. The draft of a German regulation on mineral oil migration from recycled paper and board struggles with the difficult analysis in food, but frequent measurement in food is avoidable if the compliance work can be based on citable systematic studies. In the discussions about potential solutions, the introduction of barriers prevails. Internal bags with barrier layers have been widely introduced. For packings without internal bags, barriers on the internal surface of the recycled paperboard have been developed, but not yet introduced into the market on broad scale. An agreed method for measuring barrier efficiency and a specification of minimum required efficiency are probably a prerequisite. Work for an industry standard on barriers is on-going in Switzerland.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barp L, Kornauth C, Würger T, Rudas M, Biedermann M, Reiner A, Concin N, Grob K (2014) Mineral oil in human tissues, Part I: concentrations and molecular mass distributions. Food Chem Toxicol. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.029

  • BfR (German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment) (2011) 7. Sitzung der BfR-Kommission für Bedarfsgegenstände, Protokoll der Sitzung vom 14, p 9. http://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/343/7_sitzung_der_bfr_kommission_fuer_bedarfsgegenstaende.pdf

  • BfR (German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment) (2012). 10. Sitzung der BfR-Kommission für Bedarfsgegenstände, Protokoll vom 29, p 6. http://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/343/10-sitzung-der-bfrkommission-fuerbedarfsgegenstaende.pdf

  • Biedermann M, Grob K (2012a) On-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography—gas chromatography (HPLC-GC) for the analysis of mineral oil; Part 1: method of analysis in foods, environmental samples and other matrices. A review. J Chromatogr A 1255:56–75

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biedermann M, Grob K (2012b) On-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography—gas chromatography (HPLC-GC) for the analysis of mineral oil. Part 2: migrated from paperboard into dry foods: interpretation of chromatograms. A review. J Chromatogr A 1255:76–99

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biedermann M, Grob K (2013) Assurance of safety of recycled paperboard for food packaging through comprehensive analysis of potential migrants is unrealistic. J Chromatogr A 1293:107–119

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biedermann M, Ingenhoff JE, Barbanera M, Garbini D, Grob K (2011) Migration of mineral oil into noodles from recycled fibers in the paperboard box and the corrugated board transport box as well as from printing inks: a case study. Pack Technol Sci 24:281–290

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biedermann M, Ingenhoff JE, Dima G, Zurfluh M, Biedermann-Brem S, Richter L, Simat T, Harling A, Grob K (2013) Migration of mineral oil from printed paperboard into dry foods; survey of the German market. Part II: further development during storage. Eur Food Res Technol 236:459–472

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biedermann-Brem S, Grob K (2014) Barriers against the migration from recycled paperboard into food: Measuring efficiency by surrogate components. Pack Technol Sci. doi:10.1002/pts.2062

  • Biedermann-Brem S, Kasprick N, Simat T, Grob K (2012) Migration of polyolefin oligomeric saturated hydrocarbons (POSH) into food. Food Addit Contam A 29(2012):449–460

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biedermann-Brem S, Richter L, Simat TJ, Grob K (2014) Internal bags with barrier layers for foods packed in recycled paperboard: recent progress. Eur Food Res Technol. doi:10.1007/s00217-014-2208-x

  • Droz Ch, Grob K (1997) Determination of food contamination by mineral oil material from printed cardboard using on-line coupled LC-GC-FID. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 205:239–241

  • EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) (2012a) Scientific opinion on exploring options for providing advice about possible human health risks based on the concept of threshold of toxicological concern (TTC). EFSA J 10:2750. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/de/efsajournal/doc/2750.pdf

  • EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) (2012b) Scientific opinion on mineral oil hydrocarbons in food. EFSA J 10(6):2704, 1–185. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/2704.htm

  • Ewender J, Franz R, Welle F (2013) Permeation of mineral oil components from cardboard packaging materials through polymer films. Pack Technol Sci 26:423–434

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feigenbaum A, Dole P, Aucejo S, Dainelli D, de la Cruz Garcia C, Hankemeier T, N’Gono Y, Papaspyrides CD, Paseiro P, Pastorelli S, Pavlidou S, Pennarun PY, Saillard P, Vidal L, Vitrac O, Voulzatis Y (2005) Functional barriers: properties and evaluation. Food Addit Contam 22:956–967

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fiselier K, Grob K (2012) Barriers against the migration of mineral oil from paperboard food packaging: experimental determination of breakthrough periods. Pack Technol Sci 25:285–301

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franz R, Huber M, Piringer O (1997) Presentation and experimental verification of a physicomathematical model describing the migration across functional barrier layers into foodstuffs. Food Addit Contam 14:627–640

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harling A, Grob K, Helling R, Simat TJ (2012) Ausmass der Migration unerwünschter Stoffe aus Verpackungsmaterialien aus Altpapier in Lebensmitteln. BMELV, German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection. Project 2809HS012. http://download.ble.de/09HS012.pdf

  • JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) (2002) 59th report, 11–20; WHO Technical Report Series 913. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_913.pdf

  • JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) (2012). 66th meeting, Summary report issued on 29 June 2012. http://www.who.int/foodsafety/chem/jecfa/summaries/Summary76.pdf

  • Johns SM, Jickells SM, Read WA, Castle L (2000) Studies on functional barriers to migration. 3. Migration of benzophenone and model ink components from cartonboard to food during frozen storage and microwave heating. Pack Technol Sci 13:99–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzini R, Fiselier K, Biedermann M, Barbanera M, Braschi I, Grob K (2010) Saturated and aromatic mineral oil hydrocarbons from paperboard food packaging: estimation of long-term migration from contents in the paperboard and data on boxes from the market. Food Addit Contam A 27:1765–1774

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pastorelli S, Sanches-Silva A, Cruz JM, Simoneau C, Paseiro Losada P (2008) Study of the migration of benzophenone from printed paperboard packages to cakes through different plastic films. Eur Food Res Technol 227:1585–1590

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richter L, Simat TJ (2013) Sind Kartons aus Recyclingfaser für den Lebensmittelkontakt geeignet? Rdsch für Fleischhyg Lebensmittelüberwachung 11:414–418

    Google Scholar 

  • Song YS, Begley T, Paquette K, Komolpraser V (2003) Effectiveness of polypropylene film as a barrier to migration from recycled paperboard packaging to fatty and high-moisture food. Food Addit Contam 9:875–883

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zurfluh M, Biedermann M, Grob K (2013a) Simulation of the migration of mineral oil from recycled paperboard into dry foods by Tenax®? Food Addit Contam 30:909–918

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zurfluh M, Grob K, Fink M, Amrein TM (2013b) Printing newspaper free of mineral oil: report on a test run. J Verbr Lebensm 8:17–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zurfluh M, Biedermann M, Grob K (2014) Enrichment for reducing the detection limits for the analysis of mineral oil in fatty foods. J Verbr Lebensm 9:61–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Koni Grob.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Grob, K. Update on recycled paperboard and its compliance for food contact. J. Verbr. Lebensm. 9, 213–219 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-014-0903-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-014-0903-y

Keywords

Navigation