Skip to main content
Log in

Heterocyclic compounds as the active media of lasers (review)

  • Published:
Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds Aims and scope

Abstract

The principle of the action of lasers based on crystals and methods for the production of an inverse population are examined. The properties of various classes of heterocyclic compounds used as the active media in lasers based on crystals are discussed. The effect of the triplet states of a dye on generation is examined. The relationship between the generation properties and the structure of the dye molecule and the effect of a solvent on the generation of dyes are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature cited

  1. L. D. Derkacheva, G. V. Peregudov, and A. I. Sokolovskaya, Usp. Fiz. Nauk,91, 247 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  2. C. A. Parker, Photoluminescence of Solutions, American Elsevier (1968).

  3. B. I. Stepanov and A. N. Rubinov, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,7, 507 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  4. B. I. Stepanov and A. N. Rubinov, Usp. Fiz. Nauk,95, 45 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  5. P. P. Sorokin and J. R. Lancard, IBM J. Res. Develop.,10, 162 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  6. P. P. Sorokin, J. R. Lancard, E. S. Hammond, and V. L. Moruzzi, IBM J. Res. Develop.,11, 130 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  7. W. Schmidt and F. P. Schäfer, Phys. Lett.,26A, 558 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  8. O. G. Peterson and B. B. Snavely, Appl. Phys. Lett.,12, 238 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  9. O. G. Peterson, S. A. Tuccio, and B. B. Snavely, Appl. Phys. Lett.,17, 245 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  10. S. A. Tuccio and F. C. Strome, Appl. Optics,11, 64 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  11. E. P. Ippen, C. V. Shank, and A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. Lett.,21, 348 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  12. A. V. Aristov, E. N. Viktorova, D. A. Kozlovskii, and V. A. Kuzin, Opt. Spektrosk.,28, 546 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  13. H. W. Furumoto and H. L. Ceccon, Appl. Phys. Lett.,13, 335 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  14. A. N. Rubinov and V. A. Mostovnikov, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,7, 327 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  15. F. C. Strome, Jr., and S. A. Tuccio, Opt. Commun.,4, 58 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  16. D. Basting, D. Ouw, and F. P. Schäfer, Opt. Commun.,18, 260 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  17. K. H. Drexhage, Laser Focus,9, No. 3, 35 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  18. M. R. Kagan, G. I. Farmer, and B. G. Huth, Laser Focus,4, No. 9, 26 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  19. P. P. Sorokin and J. R. Lancard, IBM J. Res. Develop.,11, 148 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  20. H. Samelson, Electronics, 142 (1968).

  21. J. B. Marling, D. W. Gregg, and I. Wood, Appl. Phys. Lett.,17, 527 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  22. A. Goldstein and F. H. Dacol, Rev. Sci. Instr.,40, 1597 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  23. M. Bass, T. F. Deutsch, and M. J. Weber, Appl. Phys. Lett.,13, 120 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  24. W. Schmidt and F. P. Schäfer, Z. Naturforsch.,22a, 1563 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  25. A. N. Rubinov and V. A. Mostovnikov, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz.,32, 1456 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  26. D. W. Gregg and S. J. Thomas, IEEE J. Quant. Electr.,QE-5, 302 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  27. K. Drexhage, Crystal Lasers [Russian translation], Mir, Moscow (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  28. W. H. Melhuish, J. Opt. Soc. Am.,52, 1256 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  29. J. Yguerabide, Rev. Sci. Instr.,39, 1048 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  30. M. V. Belokon', A. N. Rubinov, and V. S. Strizhnev, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,19, 39 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  31. A. Dienes, C. V. Shank, and A. M. Trozzolo, Appl. Phys. Lett.,17, 189 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  32. B. B. Snavely, O. G. Peterson, and R. F. Reithel, Appl. Phys. Lett.,11, 275 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  33. C. V. Shank, A. Dienes, A. M. Trozzolo, and J. A. Myer, Appl. Phys. Lett.,16, 405 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  34. S. A. Tuccio, K. H. Drexhage, and G. A. Reynolds, Opt. Commun.,7, 248 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  35. D. W. Gregg, M. R. Querry, J. B. Marling, S. J. Thomas, C. V. Dobler, N. J. Davies, and J. F. Belew, IEEE J. Quant. Electr.,QE-6, 270 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  36. P. Crozet, B. S. Kirkiacharian, C. Soula, and Y. H. Meyer, J. Chem. Phys.,68, 1388 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  37. N. A. Borisevich, L. M. Bolot'ko, V. V. Gruzinskii, and V. A. Tolkachev, Zh. Prikl. Soedin.,14, 148 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  38. N. A. Borisevich, V. V. Gruzinskii, N. M. Paltarak, and P. I. Petrovich, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,12, 926 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  39. R. Srinivasan, IEEE J. Quant. Electr.,QE-5, 552 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  40. R. J. Gutfeld, B. Welber, and E. E. Tynan, IEEE J. Quant. Electr.,QE-6, 532 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  41. J. B. Marling, J. G. Hawley, E. M. Liston, and W. B. Grant, Appl. Opt.,13, 2317 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  42. C. M. Ferrar, IEEE J. Quant. Electr.,QE-5, 550 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  43. P. P. Sorokin, Sci. Am.,220, 30 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  44. M. I. Dzyubenko, G. S. Vodotyka, V. V. Maslov, and V. M. Nikitchenko, Opt. Spektrosk.,39, 554 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  45. P. R. Hammond, A. N. Fletcher, R. A. Henry, and R. L. Atkins, Appl. Phys.,8, 311 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  46. E. J. Schimitschek, J. A. Trias, P. R. Hammond, R. A. Henry, and R. L. Atkins, Opt. Commun.,16, 313 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  47. P. R. Hammond, A. N. Fletcher, R. A. Henry, and R. L. Atkins, Appl. Phys.,8, 315 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  48. G. A. Reynolds and K. H. Drexhage, Opt. Commun.,13, 222 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  49. M. Nakashima, R. C. Clapp, and J. A. Sous, Nature, Phys. Sci.,245, 124 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  50. K. H. Drexhage, G. R. Erikson, G. H. Hawks, and G. A. Reynolds, Opt. Commun.,15, 399 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Y. Miyazoe and M. Maeda, Appl. Phys. Lett.,12, 206 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  52. M. L. Sraeth and D. P. Bortfeld, Appl. Phys. Lett.,9, 179 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  53. V. V. Danilov, A. S. Eremenko, Yu. T. Mazurenko, A. A. Rykov, Yu. L. Slonimskii, and A. I. Stepanov, Kvantovaya Elektron.,4, p. 195 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  54. M. Bass, T. Deich, and M. Weber, Usp. Fiz. Nauk,105, 521 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  55. V. A. Mostovnikov, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,20, 42 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Y. Miyazoe and M. Maeda, Opto-electronics,2, 227 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  57. P. J. McCartin, J. Chem. Phys.,42, 2980 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  58. F. Dörr, J. Koschy, and Hausen, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem.,69, 11 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  59. A. K. Chibisov, Teor. Eksp. Khim.,2, 825 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Yu. I. Lifanov, V. A. Kuz'min, A. V. Karyakin, A. K. Chibisov, and I. I. Levkoev, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Khim.,4, 787 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  61. V. A. Kuz'min, A. M. Vinogradov, M. A. Al'perovich, and I. I. Levkoev, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR,224, 139 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  62. B. B. McFarland, Appl. Phys. Lett.,10, 208 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  63. B. S. Neporent and V. B. Shilov, Opt. Spektrosk.,30, 1074 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  64. A. N. Sevchenko, L. G. Pikulik, L. F. Gladchenko, and A. D. Dashko, Zh. Prikl. Spektros.,8, 935 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  65. A. V. Aristov and V. A. Kuzin, Opt. Spektrosk.,30, 148 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  66. N. Karl, Phys. Stat. Sol.,13, 651 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  67. J. Ferguson and A. W. H. Mau, Chem. Phys. Lett.,14, 245 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  68. B. G. Huth and G. I. Farmer, IEEE J. Quant. Electr.,QE-4, 427 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  69. B. Gronau, E. Lippert, and W. Rapp, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem.,76, 432 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  70. J. B. Marlings, D. W. Gregg, and S. J. Thomas, J. Quant. Electr.,QE-6, 570 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  71. F. P. Schäfer, W. Schmidt, and K. Marth, Phys. Lett.,24A, 280 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  72. F. P. Schäfer, Angew. Chem.,82, 25 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  73. B. B. Snavely, Proc. IEEE,57, 1374 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  74. P. R. Hammond and R. S. Hughes, Nature, Phys. Sci.,231, 59 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  75. I. I. Kalosha and V. A. Tolkachev, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,14, 537 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  76. J. Kohlmannsperger, Z. Naturforsch.,24a, 1547 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  77. N. A. Borisevich, V. V. Gruzinskii, I. I. Kaiosha, and V. A. Tolkachev, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,11, 173 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  78. E. G. Arthures, D. J. Bradley, and A. G. Roddie, Appl. Phys. Lett.,20, 125 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  79. J. A. Myer, I. Itzkan, and E. Kierstead, Nature,225, 544 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  80. V. D. Kotsubanov, Yu. V. Noboikin, L. A. Ogurtsova, A. P. Podgornyi, and F. S. Pokrovskaya, Opt. Spektrosk.,25, 727 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  81. N. A. Borisevich, V. V. Gruzinskii, N. M. Paltarak, L. P. Snagoshchenko, and V. A. Suchkov, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,14, 41 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  82. H. W. Furumoto and H. L. Ceccon, J. Appl. Phys.,40, 4240 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  83. T. F. Deutsch and M. Bassc, IEEE J. Quant. Electr.,QE-5, 260 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  84. V. D. Kotsubanov, L. Ya. Malkes, Yu. V. Naboikin, L. A. Ogurtsova, A. P. Podgornyi, and F. S. Pokrovskaya, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz.,32, 1466 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  85. Yu. V. Naboikin, L. A. Ogurtsova, A. P. Podgornyi, F. S. Pokrovskaya, V. I. Grigor'eva, B. M. Krasovitskii, L. M. Kutsyna, and V. G. Tishchenko, Opt. Spektrosk.,28, 974 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  86. L. R. Lindholt and W. W. Wladimiroff, Opto-electronics,2, 21 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  87. H. P. Broida and S. C. Haydon, Appl. Phys. Lett.,16, 142 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  88. N. A. Borisevich, V. V. Gruzinskii, and L. M. Kutsyna, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,12, 1111 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  89. M. Maeda and Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.,11, 692 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  90. V. V. Gruzinskii, N. M. Paltarak, and P. I. Petrovich, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,19, 352 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  91. C. A. Turek and J. T. Yardley, IEEE J. Quant. Electr.,QE-7, 102 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  92. F. B. Dunning and R. F. Stebbings, Opt. Commun.,11, 112 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  93. A. Ya. Gorlenko, E. V. Borisov, I. I. Kalosha, and V. A. Tolkachev, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,22, 137 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  94. P. R. Hammond, A. N. Fletcher, R. A. Henry, R. L. Atkins, and D. W. Moore, Appl. Phys.,9, 67 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  95. H. W. Furumoto and H. L. Ceccon, Appl. Optics,8, 1613 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  96. Yu. A. Yanait, G. A. Abakumov, G. I. Kromskii, A. P. Simonov, V. V. Fadeev, and R. V. Khokhlov, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., Pis'ma,13, 616 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  97. T. Pavlopoulos and P. Hammond, J. Am. Chem.,96, 6568 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  98. L. D. Derkacheva, Opt. Spektrosk.,15, 138 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  99. M. G. Kuz'min, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR,151, 1371 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  100. I. Yu. Martynov, A. B. Demyashkevich, B. M. Uzhinov, and M. G. Kuz'min, Usp. Khim.,46, 3 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  101. A. Dienes, C. V. Shank, and R. L. Kohn, IEEE J. Quant. Electr.,QE-9, 833 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  102. A. Bergman and J. Jortner, J. Luminesc.,6, 390 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  103. A. Dienes, R. Jain, and C. Lin, Appl. Phys. Lett.,22, 632 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  104. A. M. Trozzolo, A. Dienes, and C. V. Shank, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,96, 4699 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  105. L. D. Derkacheva and V. A. Petukhov, Kvantovaya Elektron.,2, 89 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  106. L. M. Rubeko, I. V. Krasnov, N. A. Kozlov, L. K. Denisov, and B. M. Uzhinov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR,240, 1157 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  107. A. V. Aristov and V. A. Kuzin, Opt. Spektrosk.,32, 115 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  108. F. P. Schäfer, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.,9, 9 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  109. N. Nakashima, N. Mataga, C. Yamanaka, R. Ide, and S. Misumi, Chem. Phys. Lett.,18, 386 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  110. S. A. Ahmed, J. S. Gergely, and D. Infante, J. Chem. Phys.,61, 1584 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  111. M. I. Dzyubenko, A. Ya. Mateev, and I. G. Naumova, Opt. Spektrosk.,37, 745 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  112. B. B. Snavely and O. G. Peterson, IEEE J. Quant. Electr.,QE-4, 540 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  113. P. P. Sorokin, J. R. Lancard, V. L. Moruzzi, and E. C. Hammond, J. Chem. Phys.,48, 4726 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  114. A. N. Rubinov and V. A. Mostovnikov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk Belorussk. SSR,12, 602 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  115. A. N. Rubinov, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,11, 436 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  116. A. N. Rubinov, Zh. Prikl. Spectrosk.,12, 837 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  117. A. N. Terenin, Photonics of Dye Molecules [in Russian], Nauka, Leningrad (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  118. V. V. Gruzinskii and S. V. Davydov, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,23, 1009 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  119. T. I. Smol'skaya and A. N. Rubinov, Opt. Spektrosk.,31, 440 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  120. M. M. Asimov, V. N. Gavrilenko, and L. Kozma, Summaries of Papers Presented at the Second All-Union Conference on Lasers Based on Complex Organic Compounds and Their Application [in Russian], Dushanbe (1977), p. 183.

  121. A. Baczynski, T. Marszalek, H. Walerys, and B. Zietek, Acta Phys. Polon.,A44, 805 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  122. V. E. Korobov, Author's Abstract of Master's Dissertation, Moscow State University, Moscow (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  123. D. Beer and J. Weber, Opt. Commun.,5, 307 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  124. E. Ippen, C. Shank, and A. Dienes, IEEE J. Quant. Electr.,QE-7, 178 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  125. A. N. Rubinov, T. I. Smol'skaya, and S. N. Mikhnov, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,13, 368 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  126. J. Weber, Phys. Lett.,A37, 179 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  127. D. Kato and A. Sugimura, Opt. Commun.,10, 327 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  128. R. Fork and Z. Kaplan, Appl. Phys. Lett.,20, 472 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  129. V. A. Mostovnikov, G. R. Ginevich, A. N. Rubinov, S. S. Anufrik, and A. F. Abramov, Kvantovaya Elektron.,3, 2064 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  130. L. M. Gurdzhiyan, O. L. Kaliya, N. S. Lebedeva, O. L. Lebedev, and T. N. Fesenko, Summaries of Papers Presented at the Second All-Union Conference on Lasers Based on Complex Organic Compounds and Their Application [in Russian], Dushanbe (1977), p. 68.

  131. B. Winters, H. Mandelberg, and W. Mohr, Appl. Phys. Lett.,25, 723 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  132. E. Schimitschek, J. Trias, M. Taylor, and J. Celto, IEEE J. Quant. Electr.,QE-9, 781 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  133. V. A. Mostovnikov, A. N. Rubinov, S. S. Anufrik, G. R. Ginevich, V. M. Nikitchenko, and G. S. Vodotyka, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,27, 59 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  134. V. A. Mostovnikov, A. N. Rubinov, M. A. Al'perovich, V. I. Avdeeva, and I. I. Levkoev, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,20, 42 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  135. O. V. Przhonskaya, M. T. Shpak, G. G. Dyadyusha, and Yu. A. Slonimskii, Summaries of Papers Presented at the Second All-Union Conference on Lasers Based on Complex Organic Compounds and Their Application [in Russian], Dushanbe (1977), p. 73.

  136. V. S. Smirnov, Yu. E. Zabiyakin, and N. G. Bakhshiev, Opt. Spektrosk.,38, 591 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  137. E. N. Antonov, V. G. Koloshnikov, V. R. Mironenko, and D. N. Nikogosyan, Kvantovaya Elektron.,1, 204 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  138. J. Pierre and M. Ives, C. R.,271, 718 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  139. T. I. Smol'skaya, A. I. Zhukovskaya, and A. N. Rubinov, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,17, 775 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  140. A. V. Aristov, E. N. Viktorova, Yu. S. Maslyukov, I. I. Reznikova, and A. S. Cherkasov, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,19, 250 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 723–736, June, 1980.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Denisov, L.K., Uzhinov, B.M. Heterocyclic compounds as the active media of lasers (review). Chem Heterocycl Compd 16, 553–564 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00020437

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00020437

Keywords

Navigation