Abstract
Objective
Bibliometric analysis can be used to objectively compare the usage of terms over time. The purpose of this research was to compare the use of population health, health promotion, and public health using bibliometric indicators of the published literature.
Methods
Bibliometric indicators, such as scientific productivity and the overlap between the terms, were analyzed in the Web of Science. Indexing of population health, health promotion, and public health was explored in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE.
Results
The most productive country in population health was Canada, while the most productive country in health promotion and public health was the United States. The number of published articles using the public health term was surpassed by health promotion around 1990. Both were surpassed by population health around 2000. Population health was the only concept which lacked an index term in all three databases.
Discussion
There has been a shift in the usage of public health, health promotion, and population health concepts over time. Country analysis revealed that Canadian researchers are leaders in population health, while researchers based in the United States are leaders in public health and health promotion. This may indicate differences rooted in the social, historical and economic traditions. Although the publication rate of articles described as ‘population health’ research is increasing, it is lacking an index term across major electronic databases. We suggest that without timely acceptance of terms, new concepts that represent different ways of thinking about health may be limited, delayed or glossed over.
Résumé
Objectif
Les analyses bibliométriques sont utilisées pour comparer objectivement l’évolution de concepts au fil du temps. Nous avons voulu comparer l’utilisation des termes «santé des populations», «promotion de la santé» et «santé publique» dans la documentation en recourant à des indicateurs bibliométriques.
Méthode
Des indicateurs bibliométriques (la productivité scientifique, le chevauchement des termes) ont été analysés dans Web of Science. Le classement des termes «santé des populations», «promotion de la santé» et «santé publique» a été examiné dans les bases de données MEDLINE, CINAHL et EMBASE.
Résultats
Le Canada est le pays le plus productif dans le domaine de la santé des populations, tandis que les États-Unis le sont pour la promotion de la santé et la santé publique. Le nombre d’articles référant à la santé publique a été surpassé par la documentation sur la promotion de la santé au tournant des années 1990. Les deux concepts ont été distancés par la santé des populations au tournant des années 2000. La santé des populations est le seul concept qui ne soit pas indexé dans les trois bases.
Discussion
Il y a eu un changement dans l’usage des concepts de santé publique, de promotion de la santé et de santé des populations au fil du temps. L’analyse par pays montre que les chercheurs canadiens sont les chefs de file en santé des populations, tandis que les chercheurs des États-Unis dominent les champs de la santé publique et de la promotion de la santé. Ceci pourrait s’expliquer par des différences de traditions sociales, historiques et économiques. Le taux de publication des articles de recherche sur la «santé des populations» s’accroît, mais ce terme n’est pas indexé dans toutes les grandes bases de données. Selon nous, si l’on n’accepte pas rapidement les nouveaux termes, on risque de faire abstraction de nouvelles notions qui correspondent à différentes façons de réfléchir à la santé, ou encore de limiter ou de retarder l’adoption de ces notions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dunn JR, Hayes MV. Toward a lexicon of population health. Can J Public Health 1999;90(Suppl 1):S7–S10.
Lalonde M. A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada, 1974.
World Health Organization. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. First International Conference on Health Promotion. Ottawa, 21 November 1986 — WHO/HPR/HEP/95.
Last LM. A Dictionary of Epidemiology, Fourth Edition. Toronto, ON: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Labonte R. Population health and health promotion: What do they have to say to each other? Can J Public Health 1995;86(3):165–68.
Raphael D, Bryant T. Public Health Concerns in Canada, the U.S., the U.K., and Sweden. Exploring the Gaps between Knowledge and Action in Promoting Population Health. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press Inc., 2007;347–72.
Frank JW. Why “population health”? Can J Public Health 1995;86(3):162–64.
Poland B, Coburn D, Robertson A, Eakin J. Wealth, equity and health care: A critique of a “population health” perspective on the determinants of health. Critical Social Science Group. Soc Sci Med 1998;46(7):785–98.
https://doi.org/cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?query=bibliometrics&action=Search+OMD (Accessed May 1, 2007).
Hulme EW. Statistical Bibliography in Relation to the Growth of Modern Civilization. London: Grafton, 1923.
Okubo Y. STI Working Papers: Bibliometric indicators and analysis of research systems: Methods and examples. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Report #51765, Paris, 1997.
Katz S. Bibliometric Indicators and the Social Sciences. University of Sussex: SPRU, 1999.
Glanzel W. Bibliometrics as a research field: A course on theory and application of bibliometric indicators. Course Handouts, 2003. Available online at: https://doi.org/www.umu.se/inforsk/ (Accessed May 1, 2007).
Otte E, Rousseau R. Social network analysis: A powerful strategy, also for the information sciences. J Information Sci 2002;28:443–55.
Soteriades ES, Falagas ME. A bibliometric analysis in the fields of preventive medicine, occupational and environmental medicine, epidemiology, and public health. BMC Public Health 2006;6:301.
Mela GS, Martinoli C, Poggi E, Derchi LE. Radiological research in Europe: A bibliometric study. Eur Radiol 2003;13:657–62.
Glover SW, Bowen SL. Bibliometric analysis of research published in Tropical Medicine and International Health 1996–2003. Trop Med Int Health 2004;9:1327–30.
Boulos MN. On geography and medical journalology: A study of the geographical distribution of articles published in a leading medical informatics journal between 1999 and 2004. Int J Health Geog 2005;4:7.
Tsay MY, Yang YH. Bibliometric analysis of the literature of randomized controlled trials. J Med Lib Assoc 2005;93:450–58.
National Information Standards Organization. Guidelines for the Construction, Format, and Management of Monolingual Controlled Vocabularies. Available online at: https://doi.org/download.www.techstreet.com/cgi-bin/pdf/free/455225/Z39-19-2005.pdf (Accessed October 1, 2007).
Kickbusch I. The contribution of the World Health Organization to a new public health and health promotion. Am J Public Health 2003;93(3):383–88.
Evans RG, Stoddart GL. Producing health, consuming health care. Soc Sci Med 1990;31:1347–63.
Health Canada. The Population Health template: Key elements and actions that define a Population Health approach. Ottawa: Health Canada, 2001.
US Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010, Second Edition Vol. I and II. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, 2000.
Smedley BD, Syme SL. Promoting Health — Intervention strategies from social and behavioral research. Washington: National Academy Press, 2000.
Zoller HM. Women caught in the multi-causal web: A gendered analysis of Healthy People 2010. Communication Studies 2005;56:175–92.
Otsu K. A bibliometric study of Japanese science and social science publications. Library Information Sci 1983;21:19–27.
Kobayashi S. Internationalisation of Japanese journals and their contribution to basic science. Daigaku Kenkyu 1987;1:57–76.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Acknowledgement of support: This research was supported, in part, by the University of Ottawa. Ms. Tricco is supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Canada Graduate Scholarship and a University of Ottawa Excellence Scholarship. Ms. Runnels is supported by a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Doctoral Award and a University of Ottawa Excellence Scholarship.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tricco, A.C., Runnels, V., Sampson, M. et al. Shifts in the Use of Population Health, Health Promotion, and Public Health. Can J Public Health 99, 466–471 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03403777
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03403777