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Zusammenfassung

Eine besondere Bedeutung des Briefwechsels zwischen J. J. Bodmer und Graf Calepio für die zeitgenössische Ästhetik liegt in der gemeinsamen Anstrengung beider, ihre gegensätzlichen Theorien vom poetischen Geschmack anhand ihrer sich widersprechenden Ansichten über die Tragödie zu klären. Daher soll der Briefwechsel Gegenstand des folgenden Aufsatzes sein, der versucht, die Streitpunkte zwischen den Autoren genau darzulegen und das Ergebnis ihrer Bemühungen zu bewerten.

Abstract

A distinctive advantage of the correspondence between J. J. Bodmer and Count Calepio for contemporary thinking in aesthetics is their joint effort to elucidate their opposing theories of poetic taste in terms of their contradicting views on tragedy and for this reason their correspondence is the subject of the following investigation. The essay is an attempt to present clearly the points of dispute between the correspondents and to evaluate the result of their efforts.

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Literature

  1. Johann Jakob Bodmer, Brief-Wechsel von der Natur des Poetischen Geschmackes, Faksimiledruck nach der Ausgabe von 1736, mit einem Nachwort von Wolfgang Bender (1966), hereafter referred to as Brief-Wechsel. In general, Bodmer’s German is reproduced without changing it to meet modern German spelling and rules of grammar.

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  10. Brief-Wechsel, S. 5–6; 8; 20–21. Consideration of the metaphor of taste is something of a trademark of this early phase in modern German aesthetics. König had made the metaphor a basis of his 1727 study of taste, a work with which Bodmer was well acquainted (His and Breitinger’s Anklagung des verderbten Geschmacks of 1728 is dedicated to the Dresden court poet). Yet König hardly considered taste something automatic. In fact, his Untersuchung contests DuBos’ view of taste as sentiment by noting that taste in food like taste in poetry can be ruined or cultivated. Masters who know the rules of the arts of cooking and poetry are alike needed. Much like Gottsched, Bodmer accepts König’s distinction of sensible and metaphorical taste but keeps the metaphor at arm’s length in his own study. At the same time Bodmer seems to go a step farther than Gottsched had dared. Gottsched certainly modelled criticism on science and rules, but he held back from labelling criticism a science. For Gottsched criticism is a free art, for Bodmer a science, a science of poetic pleasure. Since free arts seem to be potential sciences for Gottsched, this last remark is not as striking as it might appear. What is noteworthy is the general agreement despite differences in terminology, among these German writers on taste. Inasmuch as taste is a „mechanical power,“ it is an unreliable basis of judgment. Such sentiment must give way to understanding (König), insight (Gottsched), or science (Bodmer). However, it should be noted that as of 1740 the Swiss seem to have given up the idea of determining good taste through rules which would constitute a complete system of art. See J. J. Breitinger, Critische Dichtkunst (Zürich: Conrad Orell, 1740), S. 430.

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  13. Brief-Wechsel, S. 52: „Die Bilder, die uns eine Sache unter einer ändern Gestalt vorstellen, rühren freilich die Sinnen, und können daher wohl fühlbar genennt werden; Aber die Entdeckung der Grade der Aehnlichkeit zwischen dem Bild und Urbild kan nicht anders als von der Vergleichung und Zusammenhaltung eines Bildes mit dem Urbilde entstehen, welches eine Verrichtung der Seele ist.“ Unlike Gottsched, a professor of philosophy who some time before Baumgarten recognized that taste is a matter of clear but indistinct concepts, Bodmer appears to lack this little bit of sophisticated Wolffian terminology. In the Brief-Wechsel (S. 3) Bodmer speaks of Knowledge in regard to figurative taste being as distinct (deutlich) as sensation of sweet and sour in the sensible taste, a statement that would probably have made Wolff reconsider his support for the Swiss and misgivings with Gottsched. Statements like the following by Wolff are the real source of his influence on Bodmer. „Die Herrschaft der Sinnen, der Einbildungskraft und Affekten macht die Sklaverei des Menschen aus.“ See Christian Wolff, Vernünftige Gedancken von Gott, der Welt und der Seele des Menschen, mit einer Einleitung und einem kritischen Apparat von Charles A. Corr (1983), S. 298–299.

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  14. Brief Wechsel, S. 96–97; 108; and Corneille, Discours de la tragédie in Théâtre complet, Texte préfacé et annoté par Pierre Liève (1957) I, pp. 90f. See also J. J. Bodmer, Critische Betrachtungen über die poetischen Gemählde der Dichter (Zürich: Conrad Orell, 1741), S. 431.

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  15. See George Dickie, „All Aesthetic Attitude Theories Fail: The Myth of the Aesthetic Attitude,“ in Aesthetics: A Critical Anthology, edited by George Dickie and Richard J. Sclafani (1977), p. 811: „But seeking and finding reasons does not compete for time with appreciation. “

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  16. It should be kept in mind that Bodmer and Breitinger invoke the conception of possible worlds for their ontology of literary works and objects of imitation. See especially, J.J. Breitinger, Critische Dichtkunst (Zürich: Conrad Orell, 1740), S. 57–70.

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Dahlstrom, D.O. The Taste for Tragedy: The Briefwechsel of Bodmer and Calepio. Dtsch Vierteljahrsschr Literaturwiss Geistesgesch 59, 206–223 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03375936

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