Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 at the Experimental Field Institute Padinska Skela PKB Agroe-konomik, near Belgrade, to quantify effects of nicosulfuron on plant traits (vegetative production and fecundity) of Xanthium strumarium. Plants of X. strumarium were grown in monoculture on plots of 5 × 4.2 m. Inter-row spacing was 24 cm and the distance between the rows was 70 cm. Plants were treated with nicosulfuron when they developed two pairs of leaves. The applied rates of nicosulfuron were 20, 40 and 80 g a.i. ha−1 and one control treatment (without herbicide application) was included. Vegetative parameters (height, fresh weight, leaf area and leaf area index (LAI)) were recorded just before herbicide application and four times after the herbicide treatment. Measurements were made at intervals of about two weeks. At maturity, fecundity of weeds (bur weight plant−1 and bur number plant−1) was measured. In both years, the application of nicosulfuron caused less growth (height, fresh weight and LAI) of X. stru-marium in comparison with the control. All rates of nicosul-furon reduced vegetative parameters, which decreased as rates of nicosulfuron increased. On the other hand, effects of nicosulfuron on bur production were not equivalent to its effects on vegetative parameters. Only the highest rate of nicosulfuron reduced bur production significantly.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson JM & McWhorter CG, 1976. The economics of common cocklebur control in soybean production. Weed Sci 24, 397–400.
Baghestani MA, Zand E, Soufizadeh S, Eskandari A, PourAzar R, Veysi M & Nassirzadeh N, 2007. Efficacy evaluation of some dual purpose herbicides to control weeds in maize (Zea mays L.). Crop Prot 26, 936–942.
Barton LV, 1962. The germination of weed seeds. Weeds 10, 174–182.
Bloomberg JR, Kirkpatrick BL & Wax LM, 1982. Competition of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum) with soybean (Glycine max). Weed Sci 30, 507–513.
Dogan MN, Boz O & Unay A, 2005. Efficacies of reduced herbicide rates for weed control in maize (Zea mays L.) during critical period. J Agron 4, 44–48.
Hussain Z, Marwat KB & Cardina J, 2011. Common cockle-bur competition in forage maize. Weed Technol 25, 151–158.
Josifovic M (Ed.), 1975. Flora R Srbije, SANU, Tom VII, Beo-grad (in Serbian).
Kapusta G, Krausz RF, Khan M & Matthews JL, 1994. Effect of nicosulfuron rate, adjuvant, and weed size on annual weed control in corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol 8, 696–702.
Karimmojeni H, Rahimian Mashhadi H, Alizadeh HM, Cousens RD & Beheshtian Mesgaran M, 2010. Interference between maize and Xanthium strumarium or Datura stramonium. Weed Res 50, 253–261.
Love D & Danserau P, 1959. Biosystematic studies on Xan-thium: taxonomic appraisal and ecological traits. Can J Bot 37, 173–209.
Lueschen WE, Hoverstad TR & Gonsolus JL, 1992. Wild-proso millet control in corn in 1992. Research Report North Central Weed Science Society 49, 122–123.
Meusel H & Jäger E, 1992. Vergleichende Chorologie der Zentraleuropäischen Flora. Band III. Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena.
Mitich LW, 1987. Cockleburs. Weed Technol 1, 359–360.
Munz PA, & Keck DD, 1973. A California flora and supplement. Univ. California Press, Berkeley, CA.
Nakova R, Baeva G & Nikolov P, 2004. Competition between maize and Xanthium strumarium L. Pestic Phytomed 19, 257–263.
Nosratti I, Hassan Muhammad A & Saeed R, 2007. Control of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) with nicosulfuron in maize at different planting patterns. J Agron 6, 444–448.
Rosales-Robles E, Chandler JM & Senseman SA, 2001. Growth stage affects johnsongrass response to nicosul-furon and clethodim. Agrociencia 35, 525–533.
Schmidt LA, Talbert RE & McClelland M, 2004. Management of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-resistant common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) in soybean. Weed Technol 18, 665–674.
Sprague CL, Stoller EW & Wax LM, 1997. Common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) resistance to selected ALS-inhib-iting herbicides. Weed Technol 11, 241–247.
Steckel LE, Defelice MS & Sims BD, 1990. Integrating reduced rates of postemergence herbicides and cultivation for broadleaf weed control in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci 38, 541–545.
Torma M, Kazinczi G & Hodi L, 2006. Postemergence herbicide treatments in maize against difficult to control weeds in Hungary. J Plant Dis Protect XX, 781–786.
Vrbnicanin S, Stefanovic L, Simic M & Uludag A, 2006. Reproductive capacity of jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) under different herbicide regimes in maize. Res J Agric & Biol Sci 2, 332–335.
Vrbnicanin S, Malidza G, Stefanovic L, Elezovic I, Stankovic-Kalezic R, Jovanovic-Radovanov K, Marisavljevic D, Pavlovic D & Gavric M, 2009. Distribucija nekih ekonomski štetnih, invazivnih i karantinskih korovskih vrsta na podrucju Srbije. III deo: Prostorna distribucija i zastu-pljenost osam korovskih vrsta na podrucju Srbije. Biljni lekar XXXVII, 21–30 (in Serbian).
Weaver E & Lechowicz MJ, 1983. The biology of Canadian weeds: 56. Xanthium strumarium L. Can J Plant Sci 63, 211–225.
Zhang J, Cavers PB & Jasieniuk M, 1994. Response of Xan-thium strumarium populations to sublethal applications of bentazone. Weed Res 34, 55–61.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bozic, D., Saric-Krsmanovic, M., Pavlovic, D. et al. Effect of nicosulfuron on plant traits of Xanthium strumarium. J Plant Dis Prot 120, 233–237 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356480
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356480