Abstract
Quality planting material is a basic requirement for the increase in productivity levels and one of the key indicators of quality is the health of nursery plants. Corynespora leaf fall disease (CLFD) affects all clones of rubber under nursery condition. In this investigation the most effective treatment to manage CLFD in nurseries was the introduction of overhead shading together with application of the fungicide mancozeb. The fungicide mixture (carbendazim + mancozeb) applied at 7-d intervals, and carbendazim sprayed at 2-week intervals together with shade showed equally good results. Carbendazim (0.5 g l–1) sprayed at 7- or 10-d intervals, the application of other fungicides, mancozeb, metalaxyl 8% + mancozeb 64%, captan and propineb, at 3 g l–1 at 7-d intervals was also effective. Though the systemic fungicide, carbendazim efficiently controlled the disease, tebuconazole and hexaconazole were found to be much less effective.
Zusammenfassung
Qualitativ hochwertiges Pflanzenmaterial ist eine Grundvoraussetzung für Produktivitätssteigerungen und einer der Schlüsselindikatoren für ihre Qualität ist die Gesundheit von Baumschulpflanzen. Die Corynespora-Blattfallkrankheit (CLFD) befällt alle Klone von Gummibäumen in Baumschulen. Diese Untersuchung zeigt, dass die effizienteste Bekämpfungsmaßnahme der CLFD in Baumschulen in der Beschattung in Kombination mit einer Behandlung mit dem Fungizid Mancozeb besteht. Das wöchentlich applizierte Kombinationspräparat aus Carbendazim und Mancozeb sowie zweiwöchentlich ausgebrachtes Carbendazim in Kombination mit einer Beschattung waren ebenso wirksam. Carbendazim (0,5 g l–1), gespritzt in 7- oder 10-Tages-Intervallen sowie Mancozeb, Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64%, Captan oder Propineb, in einer Konzentration von 3 g l–1 wöchentlich appliziert, waren ebenfalls wirksam. Die Triazolfungizide Tebuconazol und Hexaconazol wirkten dagegen wesentlich schlechter.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chee, K.H., 1988: Corynespora leaf spot Malaysia, Country report Malaysia, Thailand Sri Lanka and Indonesia. Proceedings of the workshop on Corynespora leaf fall disease of Hevea rubber, Borgor, Indonesia, p. 5.
Darmano, T.W., A. Darussamin, S. Pawirosoemardjo, 1996: Variation among isolates of Corynespora cassiicola associated with Hevea brasiliensis in Indonesia. Proceedings of the workshop on Corynespora leaf fall disease of Hevea rubber, Medan, Indonesia, pp. 79–92.
Hongn, S., A. Ramallo, O. Baino, J.C. Ramallo, 2007: First report of target spot of Vaccinium corymbosum caused by Corynespora cassiicola. Plant Disease 91, 771.
Idicula, S.P., 2006: Equipment for Corynespora leaf disease control. In: C.K. Jacob (ed.): Corynespora leaf disease of Hevea brasiliensis: Strategies for management. Rubber Research Institute of India, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
Jacob, C.K., 1997: Diseases of potential threat to rubber in India. Planter’s Chron. 92, 451–461.
Jayasinghe, C.K., 2003: Corynespora leaf fall and future of the leading rubber clones in the world. Bull. Rubber Res. Inst. Sri Lanka 44, 5–11.
Jayasinghe, C.K., A.H.R. Jayaratne, 2001: Principles and practices of preventing and controlling rubber diseases in Sri Lanka. Bull. Rubber Res. Inst. Sri Lanka 43, 15–23.
Lam Van Lai, L., M. Tuy, L.H. Ngoc Anh, V.V. Truong, 2007: Early selection of IRRDB’81 X W clones for resistance to Oidium leaf disease. Proceedings of the International Rubber Conference, Siem Reap, Cambodia.
Martini, P., S. Rapetti, G. Bozzano, E. De Rino, L. Repetto, A. Garibaldi, 2007: Corynespora cassiicola parassita del basilico in Liguria. Inf. Fitopatol. 57(9), 31–32.
Newsam, A., 1961: Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, Pathology Division Report, 63–70.
Oka, K., A. Okubo, M. Kodama, H. Otani, 2006: Detoxification of alpha-tomatine by tomato pathogens Altemaria alternata tomato pathotype and Corynespora cassiicola and its role in infection. J. Gen Plant Pathol. 72, 152–158.
Pernezny, K., P. Stoffella, J. Collins, A. Carroll, A. Beaney, 2002: Control of target spot of tomato with fungicides, systemic acquired resistance activators, and a biocontrol agent. Plant Prot. Sci. 38, 81–88.
Schmitz, H., 1930: A suggested toximetric method for wood preservatives. Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 2, 361–363.
Sharma, J.K., C. Mohanan, 1991: In vitro evaluation of fungicides against Cylindrocladium spp. Causing diseases of Eucalyptus in Kerala, India. Eur. J. Forest Pathol. 21, 17–26.
Da Silva, J.L., D.J. Soares, R.W. Barreto, 2006: Eye-spot of Rudbeckia laciniata caused by Corynespora cassiicola in Brazil. Plant Pathol. 55, 580.
Silva, W.P.K., E.H. Karunanayake, R.L.C. Wijesundera, U.M.S. Priyanka, 2003: Genetic variation in Corynespora cassiicola: a possible relationship between host origin and virulence. Mycol. Res. 107, 567–571.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fernando, T.H.P.S., Jayasinghe, C.K., Wijesundera, R.L.C. et al. Screening of fungicides against Corynespora leaf fall disease of rubber under nursery conditions. J Plant Dis Prot 117, 117–121 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356346
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356346