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Evaluation of visual assessment of leaf symptoms and of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as tools for the characterisation of resistance of winter wheat against common bunt (Tilletia tritici [D.C.] Tul. & C. Tul.)

Überprüfung der Eignung von Blattsymptomen und einem Elisa für die Charakterisierung der Resistenz von Winterweizen gegen Steinbrand (Tilletia tritici [D.C.] Tul. & C. Tul.)

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Abstract

Using 30 winter wheat varieties, leaf symptoms indicating infection with common bunt (Tilletia tritici) as well as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) based on polyclonal antibodies were evaluated for early assessment of bunt susceptibility/resistance. The percentage of plants with leaf symptoms recorded at growth stage 14 was in most varieties higher when the plants were germinated at 15°C than at 4°C, and the percentage of symptomatic plants was on average higher in the susceptible than in the resistant varieties. However, due to large variability a general relationship between leaf symptoms and varietal resistance could not be established. It is concluded that leaf symptoms are not generally suited to predict the degree of susceptibility to bunt, irrespective of the temperature at which the plants are geminated. Much better results were obtained with quantification of the pathogen in wheat seedlings by Elisa. In all susceptibility groups and varieties the fungal content of individual plants was highly variable. However, on average the plants expressing early symptoms contained twice as much antigen as the plants without symptoms, and the very highly susceptible varieties contained on average approx. five times as much antigen as the very lowly susceptible ones. While due to high variability it may be more difficult in routine use to accurately assign with the Elisa the varieties of intermediate susceptibility, it is expected that it will be possible to clearly differentiate the lowly and very lowly susceptible varieties from the more susceptible ones, provided a sufficiently large number of plants is assayed.

Zusammenfassung

Anhand von 30 Winterweizensorten wurden zwei Methoden zur Frühdiagnose des Befalls mit Steinbrand (Tilletia tritici), Erfassung von Blattsymptomen an Jungpflanzen und ein auf polyklonalen Antikörpern basierender Elisa, auf ihre Eignung zur Charakterisierung der Sortenresistenz untersucht. Im Stadium Bbch 14 war bei den meisten Sorten der Anteil der Pflanzen mit Blattsymptomen bei der Anzucht bei 15°C höher als bei der Anzucht bei 4°C, und der Anteil symptoma-tischer Pflanzen war im Durchschnitt bei den anfälligen Sorten höher als bei den resistenten. Allerdings konnte aufgrund der hohen Variabilität ein genereller Zusammenhang zwischen Blattsymptomen und Sortenresistenz nicht festgestellt werden. Zur Vorhersage der Sortenresistenz erwies sich die Erfassung der Blattsymptome damit nicht als allgemeingültig geeignet, unabhängig von der Temperatur, bei der die Pflan-zen angezogen wurden. Deutlich bessere Ergebnisse wurden mit der Quantifizierung des Pathogens im Weizenkeimling mit Hilfe des Elisa erzielt. In allen Anfälligkeitsgruppen und Sorten wies der Pilzgehalt der Einzelpflanzen eine hohe Schwankungsbreite auf. Dennoch enthielten die Pflanzen mit Blattfrühsymptomen durchschnittlich doppelt so viel Antigen wie die Pflanzen ohne Symptome, und die hoch anfälligen Sorten hatten im Durchschnitt einen fünffach höheren Antigengehalt als die gering anfälligen. Während aufgrund der hohen Variabilität eine genaue Zuordnung der Sorten mittlerer Anfälligkeit mit Hilfe des Elisa schwierig sein dürfte, sollte bei Untersuchung einer ausreichend hohen Anzahl von Pflanzen eine klare Differenzierung zwischen den sehr gering bis gering anfälligen und den hoch anfälligen Sorten gut möglich sein.

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Wächter, R., Wolf, G.A. & Koch, E. Evaluation of visual assessment of leaf symptoms and of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as tools for the characterisation of resistance of winter wheat against common bunt (Tilletia tritici [D.C.] Tul. & C. Tul.). J Plant Dis Prot 115, 252–258 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356273

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