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Interrelationships between Rhizobium etli G12 and Glomus intraradices and multitrophic effects in the biological control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on tomato

Interaktionen zwischen Rhizobium etli G12 und Glomus intraradices und multitrophische Effekte bei der biologischen Bekämpfung von Meloidogyne incognita an Tomaten

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Abstract

The plant health promoting rhizobacterium Rhizobium etli G12 known to induce resistance toward root-knot nematodes was shown to increase mycorrhizal establishment when introduced in combination. R. etli promoted the establishment of Glomus intraradices on roots of different tomato cultivars. In vitro studies demonstrated that inoculation with bacteria leads to changes in fungal morphology, including increased hyphal diameter and branching as well as formation of new spores. R. etli seems to be responsible for accelerated arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) establishment in tomato roots in concomitant inoculation tests. Therefore R. etli is regarded to be a mycorrhiza helper bacterium. Combined inoculation of R. etli with G. intraradices in biocontrol of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato led to additive effects. Single inoculation of the microorganisms reduced galling by 24 to 39% while dual inoculation resulted in a 60% reduction. The present findings indicate that specific combinations of plant health promoting microorganisms with AMF could lead to improved mycorrhizal colonization and together act as powerful tools in the promotion of both plant growth and health.

Zusammenfassung

Das pflanzenstärkende Rhizosphärebakterium Rhizobium etli G12, welches eine Resistenz gegen Wurzelgallennematoden induzieren kann, hat, bei kombinierter Applizierung mit anderen Mikroorganismen, zu einer Erhöhung der Mykorrhizierung geführt. Entsprechend unterstützte R. etli die Besiedelung der Wurzeln verschiedener Tomatemsorten durch Glomus intraradices. In-vitro-Experimente zeigten, dass eine Inokulation mit dem genannten Bakterium zu einer morphologischen Veränderung des Pilzes geführt hat. So erhöhten sich sowohl der Hyphendurchmesser als auch die Zahl der Verzweigungen, zudem bildeten sich neue Sporen. Der Effekt von R. etli auf die arbuskulären Mykorrhizapilze (AMF) scheint für die beschleunigte Besiedlung von Tomaten mit Mykorrhiza in begleitenden Inokulationsversuchen verantwortlich zu sein, wodurch R. etli als unterstützendes Bakterium für die Mykorrhizierung angesehen werden kann. Eine kombinierte Inokulation von R. etli und G. intraradices hat zu einem additiven Effekt bei der biologischen Bekämpfung des Wurzelgallennematoden Meloidogyne incognita an Tomaten geführt. Einzelinokulation reduzierte die Gallenbildung um 24% bis 39%, wohingegen eine kombinierte Inokulation zu einer Reduktion von 60% geführt hat. Diese neuen Erkenntnisse zeigen, dass pflanzengesundheitsfördernde Mikroorganismen in Kombination mit AMF zu einer erhöhten Mykorrhizierung führen und somit zusammen eine wirkungsvolle Förderung von Pflanzenwachstum und Pflanzengesundheit erreichen können.

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  1. U. Hildebrandt

    Present address: Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl für Botanik II — Ökophysiologie und Vegetationsökologie, Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Pflanzenkrankheiten, Phytopathology in Soil-Ecosystems & Nematology, INRES-Phytomedizin Universität Bonn, Nussallee 9, D-53113 Bonn, Germany

    S. Reimann, R. Hauschild & R. A. Sikora

  2. Botanisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, D-50923, Köln, Germany

    U. Hildebrandt

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Reimann, S., Hauschild, R., Hildebrandt, U. et al. Interrelationships between Rhizobium etli G12 and Glomus intraradices and multitrophic effects in the biological control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on tomato. J Plant Dis Prot 115, 108–113 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356249

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