Abstract
Field experiments were conducted over three consecutive growing seasons (20042–2006) to determine the effect of use of drift-reducing nozzles (ISO 03 code) on biological efficacy of fungicides for control of winter wheat diseases and their effect on grain yield. Four drift-reducing flat fan nozzles (VMD 270–440 μm) were compared with three standard nozzles (VMD 170–210 μm) at 300 l ha−1 spray volume. Commercial fungicide mixtures based on 12 different active substances were applied twice a season (BBCH 36–38 and 61–63). When controlling powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and wheat brown rust (Puccinia recondita) differences in efficacy of fungicides applied by standard or drift-reducing nozzles were small and mostly non-significant. The differences noticed at control of leaf blotch (Septoria tritici) depended a lot on the combination of growing season and fungicides applied. No general rule could be made regarding to the efficacy of fungicides for control of septoria leaf blotch. The greatest differences were observed by control of fusarium head blight (Fusarium spp.) and septoria glume blotch (Septoria nodorum) where the decrease (5–15%) of fungicide efficacy was determined when using drift-reducing nozzles. Decrease of biological efficacy of fungicides due to the use of drift-reducing nozzles however did not have a significant effect on the grain yield in most of the fungicide programs. According to our results the use of drift-reducing nozzles could be recommended without limitations to wheat producers applying wheat production systems similar to those in our experiment.
Zusammenfassung
In drei aufeinanderfolgenden Jahren (2004–2006) wurden Feldversuche durchgeführt, in denen die Wirkungseffizienz von Antidriftdüsen (Iso 03 Klasse) auf die biologische Wirksamkeit der Fungizide bei der Krankheitsbekämpfung von Winterweizen und auf den Kornertrag ermittelt wurden. Vier verschiedene Antidriftdüsen (VMD 270–440 μm) wurden mit drei Standarddüsen (VMD 170–210) bei der Spritzung mit 300 l ha−1 Wasser verglichen. Kommerzielle fungizide Präparate, auf der Grundlage von 12 Wirkstoffen, wurden zweimal pro Saison angewendet (BBCH 36–38 und 61–63). Bei der Bekämpfung von Echtem Mehltau (Blumeria graminis) und von Braunrost (Puccinia recondita) waren Unterschiede der Wirksamkeit von Fungiziden, die mit Standard- oder Anti-driftdüsen aufgetragen wurden, gering und statistisch nicht gesichert. Unterschiede, die bei der Bekämpfung von Septo-ria-Blattdürre (Septoria tritici) festgestellt wurden, sind von der Kombination zwischen dem Zeitraum und dem verwendeten Fungizid abhängig. Hinsichtlich des Düseneinflusses auf die Wirksamkeit von Fungiziden bei der Septoria-Blattdürre-bekämpfung wurden keine charakteristischen Unterschiede zwischen den untersuchten Düsen festgestellt. Die größten Unterschiede zwischen Düsen wurden bei der Bekämpfung der Ährenfusariose (Fusarium spp.) und bei der Spelzen-bräune des Weizens (Septoria nodorum) festgestellt, wo bei der Anwendung von Antidriftdüsen 5–15% Wirksamkeits-minderung festgestellt wurde. Wirksamkeitsminderungen aufgrund der Anwendung von Antidriftdüsen hatten bei den meisten Fungizidprogrammen keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf den Kornertrag. Hinsichtlich der Ergebnisse unserer Feld-versuche kann den Landwirten, die Weizen unter ähnlichen Bedingungen anbauen wie in unseren Feldversuchen, die Ver-wendung von Antidriftdüsen ohne jeden Vorbehalt empfohlen werden.
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Vajs, S., Leskošek, G., Simončič, A. et al. Comparison of the effectiveness of standard and drift-reducing nozzles for control of some winter wheat diseases. J Plant Dis Prot 115, 23–31 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356235
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356235
Key words
- biological efficacy
- Blumeria graminis
- fungicides
- Fusarium spp.
- Puccinia recondita
- Septoria nodorum
- Septoria tritici