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The effect of benzothiadiazole and fungal extracts of Cercospora beticola and Fusarium graminearum on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in cucumber leaves

Die Wirkung von Benzothiadiazol sowie Extrakten von Cercospora beticola und Fusarium graminearum auf die Phosphoenolpyruvat-Carboxylase-Aktivität in Gurkenblättern

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Abstract

The cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) catalyses the anaplerotic synthesis of oxalacetic acid resulting in the replenishment of citric acid cycle intermediates, which are precursors for the synthesis of amino acids. Biotic stress in plants generally leads to redistributions in primary and secondary pathways and therefore to a shift in the requirement of proteins. To reveal whether and how PEPC is affected by biotic stress we analysed PEPC activity after treating cucumber (Cucumis sativus) leaves with the synthetic plant activator benzothiadiazole (BTH) and extracts of the economically important phytopathogenic fungi Cercospora beticola and Fusarium graminearum. BTH as well as fungal extracts increased PEPC activity significantly 72 and 96 hours after treatments. In addition, the extracts, but not BTH, induced the formation of necrotic lesions. Defence responses are generally associated with decreased photosynthesis rates, an enhanced respiration rate and an increased demand in proteins. Regarding our results we assume that the increase in PEPC activity by biotic stress is conducive to a compensation of these antagonistic processes. However, PEPC activity enhancements are not necessarily associated with the formation of necrotic lesions. This study indicates that PEPC is involved in biotic stress responses and we suggest that PEPC contributes to successful defence responses in plants.

Zusammenfassung

Die cytosolisch vorliegende Phosphoenolpyruvat-Carboxylase (PEPC) katalysiert die Synthese von Oxalessigsäure aus Phosphoenolpyruvat und respiratorisch gebildetem Kohlenstoffdioxid. Sie fungiert als anaplerotisches Enzym im Citratzyklus, welcher unter anderem die Kohlenstoffgerüste für die Aminosäuresynthese bereitstellt. Biotische Stresssituationen führen in Pflanzen generell zu Umverteilungen des Primär- und Sekundärstoffwechsels und daraus resultierend auch zu einem veränderten Bedarf an Proteinen. Um festzustellen, ob und wie sich biotischer Stress auf die PEPC-Aktivität auswirkt, wurden Blätter der Gurke (Cucumis sativus) mit dem synthetischen Pflanzeninduktur Benzothiadiazol (BTH) und mit Extrakten der wirtschaftlich bedeutenden phytopathogenen Pilze Fusarium graminearum und Cercospora beticola behan-delt. Sowohl die Applikation von Bth als auch die Applikation der Pilzextrakte führte zu signifikanten Steigerungen der PEPC-Aktivität 72 und 96 Stunden nach der Behandlung. Weiterhin wurde durch die Extrakte, aber nicht durch Bth, die Bildung nekrotischer Läsionen an den behandelten Blättern induziert. Biotischer Stress an Pflanzen führt generell zu verringerten Photosyntheseraten, erhöhten Respirationsraten und einem höheren Bedarf an Proteinen. Die aus dieser Untersuchung gewonnenen Ergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, dass die Erhöhung der PEPC-Aktivität zu einer Kompensation dieser antagonistischen Prozesse beiträgt. Dabei ist eine Steigerung der PEPC-Aktivität nicht zwangsläufig mit hypersensitiven Reaktionen assoziiert. Die hier durchgeführte Studie zeigt, dass PEPC eindeutig in pflanzliche Reaktionen auf biotischen Stress involviert ist und vermutlich mitverantwortlich ist für eine erfolgreiche Abwehrstrategie.

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  1. K. Krome

    Present address: Institute of Zoology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstr. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany

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  1. Institute of Phytopathology, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 9, 24098, Kiel, Germany

    K. Krome, U. Kabsch & J. Aumann

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Krome, K., Kabsch, U. & Aumann, J. The effect of benzothiadiazole and fungal extracts of Cercospora beticola and Fusarium graminearum on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in cucumber leaves. J Plant Dis Prot 114, 250–255 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356225

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