Abstract
The effectiveness of potassium bicarbonate against Venturi a inaequalis, the cause of apple scab, was studied. In vitro experiments with sodium, ammonium and potassium bicarbonate, as well as potassium phosphate used at 1% (w/v), reduced colony growth of V. inaequalis by 99, 98, 90 and 64%, respectively. Under controlled conditions in greenhouse experiments, a single spray of 0.5 or 1% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium or potassium bicarbonate applied on young apple seedlings, 24 h before or 24 h after scab artificial inoculation, significantly controlled the disease. Greater effectiveness of potassium bicarbonate was recorded when the period of time before or after the inoculation was reduced. A significant increase of the fungicide activity of potassium bicarbonate was observed when salt was mixed with mineral oils. However, combining potassium bicarbonate with vegetable linseed oil and grapefruit seed extract did not increase its efficacy whereas these two vegetable products used alone reduced significantly scab infections. Formulated potassium bicarbonate, under the trade name Armicarb® 100 and containing surfactant compounds, was more effective than bicarbonate alone. A phytotoxicity effect of potassium bicarbonate was observed with a 0.75% dose. The potential and limitations of potassium bicarbonate used to control apple scab in the field are discussed.
Zusammenfassung
Die Wirkung von Kaliumbicarbonat gegenüber Venturi a inaequalis, dem Erreger des Apfelschorfs, wurde untersucht. Natrium-, Ammonium- und Kaliumbicarbonate sowie Kalium-phosphat in einer Konzentration von jeweils 1% (w/v) verminderten das Koloniewachstum von V. inaequalis in vitro um 99, 98, 90 bzw. 64%. Die Krankheit konnte unter kontrollierten Bedingungen im Gewächshaus durch Einzelspritzungen einer 0,5 oder 1%igen (w/v) wässrigen Lösung von Natriumoder Kaliumbicarbonat 24 h vor oder nach der Inokulation junger Apfelsämlinge bekämpft werden. Eine Wirkungssteigerung von Kaliumbicarbonat wurde durch eine Verkürzung des Anwendungszeitraums vor oder nach der Inokulation erreicht. Eine Wirkungssteigerung wurde auch durch Mischung der Substanz mit mineralischen Ölen erzielt. Eine Zugabe von Leinöl oder Grapefruit-Samenextrakten hingegen steigerte die Wirkung von Kaliumbicarbonat nicht, während beide Produkte eine deutliche Einzelwirkung gegenüber dem Apfel-schorf aufwiesen. Mit Netzmitteln unter dem Handelsnamen Armicarb® 100 formuliertes Kaliumbicarbonat wirkte stärker als das reine Salz, das in einer Konzentration von 0,75% eine phytotoxische Wirkung zeigte. Das Potential und die Grenzen von Kaliumbicarbonat als Pflanzenschutzmittel gegen den Apfelschorf werden diskutiert.
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Jamar, L., Lefrancq, B. & Lateur, M. Control of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) with bicarbonate salts under controlled environment. J Plant Dis Prot 114, 221–227 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356221
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356221