Abstract
In order to investigate the impact of rapeseed oil ethoxylates (RSO) as tank-mix-adjuvants on the biological efficacy of glyphosate, three selected weed species (Abutilon theophrasti, Chenopodium album, and Setaria viridis) were exposed to three rain intensities (0.5 mm h−1; 5 mm h−1; 48 mm h−1) 2 h after herbicide application. Total precipitation amounted 5 mm rain in each group. In all weed species, torrential rain (48 mm h−1) caused an intense glyphosate wash-off, which could in part be reduced by addition of adjuvants. In S. viridis the addition of Rso’s did not enhance the biological activity if a heavy rain (5 mm h−1) was simulated, whereas addition of higher ethoxylated Rso’s to the spray solution resulted in reduced dry matter in C. album. In A. theophrasti the herbicidal solution containing Rso’s (except Rso 30) resulted in increased bio-performance after the heavy rain. When exposed to light rain (0.5 mm h−1), no significant differences could be established in any treatment group and weed species, except for Roundup Ultramax® in A. theophrasti. Results of biological efficacy of glyphosate solutions with or without rain exposition were analysed with respect to weed leaf micromorphology, which has been studied using a scanning electron microscope.
Zusammenfassung
Am Beispiel von drei ausgewählten Unkräutern (Abutilon theophrasti, Chenopodium album und Setaria viridis) sollte der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Regenintensitäten (0,5 mm h−1, 5 mm h−1 und 48 mm h−1) sowie der Zusatz von Rapsöl-ethoxylaten zu der Spritzlösung auf die biologische Wirksamkeit des Herbizids Glyphosat untersucht werden. Zwei Stunden nach der Herbizid-Applikation wurden unabhängig von der Regenintensität 5 mm Regen simuliert. Starkregen (48 mm h−1) führte bei allen Unkräutern zu einer starken Abwaschung des Spritzbelages, die zum Teil durch den Zusatz von Adjuvantien vermindert werden konnte. In S. viridis verbesserte der Ethoxylatzusatz bei Dauerregen (5 mm h−1) die Regenbeständigkeit des Glyphosats nicht, wohingegen eine zunehmende Ethoxylierung bei C. album eine steigende biologische Wirksamkeit der Glyphosatlösungen zur Folge hatte. In A. theophrasti war nach Dauerregen eine Steigerung der herbizide Wirkung des Glyphosats bei Verwendung von Rapsölethoxylaten, mit Ausnahme von Rso 30, nachweisbar. Hinsichtlich der herbiziden Wirkung besaßen bei Nieselregen alle Rso/Glyphosat-Spritzlösungen bei den 3 verwendeten Unkräutern das gleiche Signifikanzniveau. Die biologische Wirksamkeit der Glyphosatlösungen an Regen–und nicht-Regenexponierten Pflanzen wurde im Zusammenhang mit der Blattmikromorphologie der Unkräuter betrachtet.
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Hunsche, M., Scherhag, H., Schmitz-Eiberger, M. et al. Influence of rain intensity and rapeseed oil ethoxylate adjuvants on biological efficacy of glyphosate. J Plant Dis Prot 114, 176–182 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356214
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356214