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Histopathological study of the effect of post leaf fall application of urea on saprotrophic development of the cherry leaf spot pathogen, Blumeriella jaapii

Histopathologische Untersuchungen zum Einfluss einer Nachblattfall-Anwendung von Harnstoff auf die saprotrophe Entwicklung des Erregers der Sprühfleckenkrankheit der Kirsche, Blumeriella jaapii

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Abstract

The formation and development of over-wintering structures of the leaf spot pathogen, Blumeriella jaapii, in urea treated leaves of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) during autumn, early winter and in May were studied histopathologically and compared to leaves treated with water. Resin embedding using glycol methacrylate (Gma) and subsequent staining of sections with Amido Black were used. Macroscopical and microscopical studies of B. jaapii in water treated leaves showed that the development of the over-wintering stages begins randomly in individual leaf spots both pre and early post leaf fall. Saprotrophic growth and stroma formation in leaves is completed between six to eight weeks after leaf fall. During the following spring, stromata normally develop apothecia or winter acervuli which release ascospores and winter conidia, respectively. However, treatment of infected leaves with urea at about leaf fall in autumn leads to a reduction in the saprotrophic hyphal growth of B. jaapii, inhibiting its subsequent development into stromata, and thereby reducing primary inoculum production. The results indicate that control of primary infections of cherry leaf spot might be achieved with the use of urea applied to the foliage within a period of at least four weeks around leaf fall.

Zusammenfassung

Die Bildung und Entwicklung von überwinterungsstrukturen des Erregers der Sprühfleckenkrankheit der Kirsche, Blumeri-ella jaapii, wurde in mit Harnstoff behandelten Blättern von Sauerkirschen (Prunus cerasus) im Herbst, Frühwinter und Mai histopathologisch untersucht und mit einer Wasserkontrolle verglichen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Schnitte in Methacrylatharz eingebettet und mit Amidoschwarz gefärbt. Makro- und mikroskopische Beobachtungen von B. jaapii in Wasser zeigten, dass die Entwicklung der überwinterungsstrukturen zufallsverteilt in einzelnen Blattflecken sowohl vor als auch nach dem Blattfall beginnt. Das saprotrophe Wachstum und die Stromabildung ist sechs bis acht Wochen nach dem Blattfall abgeschlossen. Im folgenden Frühjahr bilden die Stromata gewöhnlich Apothecien oder Winteracervuli, die Ascosporen beziehungsweise Winterkonidien entwickeln. Eine Harnstoffbehandlung der infizierten Blätter während des Blattfalls im Herbst bewirkt eine Verminderung des saprotrophen Hyphenwachstums von B. jaapii und hemmt die folgende Entwicklung der Stromata, wodurch das Primärinokulum reduziert wird. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Primärinfektionen des Erregers der Sprühfleckenkrankheit durch eine Harnstoffbehandlung der Blätter in einem Zeitraum von vier Wochen während des Blattfalls kontrolliert werden können.

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Bengtsson, M., Hockenhull, J. & de Neergaard, E. Histopathological study of the effect of post leaf fall application of urea on saprotrophic development of the cherry leaf spot pathogen, Blumeriella jaapii. J Plant Dis Prot 113, 214–218 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356183

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356183

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