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Effect of κ/ß-Carrageenan from red alga Tichocarpus crinitus (Tichocarpaceae) on infection of detached tobacco leaves with tobacco mosaic virus

Effekt von κ/ß-Karragheen aus der Rotalge Tichocarpus crinitus (Tichocarpaceae) auf die Infektion abgeschnittener Tabakblätter mit Tabakmosaikvirus

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Abstract

It is shown that κ/ß-carrageenan obtained from red marine alga Tichocarpus crinitus possesses antiviral activity against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Two days after inoculation of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. ‘Samsun’ detached leaves with a mixture of TMV (1 μ/ml) and carrageenan (1 mg/ml), the infectivity and virus content in the leaves as well as the intracellular accumulation of virus particles were significantly inhibited in comparison with leaves inoculated with TMV only. The carrageenan applied 24 h prior to inoculation with TMV also exhibited the antiviral effects but to a lower degree than when the virus and polysaccharide were inoculated together. As the infection developed, the inhibitory effects of carrageenan decreased. Treatment of the leaves with carrageenan affected the formation of TMV-specific intracellular inclusions (granular and tubule) known to consist of the virus-encoded protein components of the viral replicase. A characteristic of the infection development in the presence of carrageenan, 4 days after infection of the leaves with TMV, was the predominant formation in cells of granular inclusions famous to appear at early stages of TMV multiplication. At the same time, cells of the leaves inoculated with TMV alone contained for the most part tubule inclusions considered to arise from granular ones on the advanced infection stages. Taken together, our observations indicate that the κ/ß-carrageenan inhibits TMV infection in detached tobacco leaves at early stages.

Zusammenfassung

Es wurde gezeigt, dass κ/ß-Karagheen, das aus den roten Meeresalgen Tichocarpus crinitus gewonnen wurde, hohe Antivirusaktivität gegen das Tabakmosaikvirus (TMV) besitzt. Zwei Tage nach der Inokulation der Blätter von Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. ‘Samsun’ mit der Mischung TMV (1 μ/ml) und κ/ß-Karagheen (1 mg/ml) werden die Infektionsstufe, der Gehalt an Virus in den Blättern, und auch die Akkumulation von Virusbestandteilen in den Zellen signifikant gehemmt. κ/ß-Karagheen, das 24 h vor der Inokulation mit TMV angewendet wurde, auch Antiviruseffekte, aber weniger als wenn Virus und Polysaccharid gemeinsam inokuliert wurden. Im Laufe der Entwicklung der Infektion wurden die Hemmeffekte von κ/ß-Karagheen immer schwächer. Die Behandlung der Blätter mit κ/ß-Karagheen beeinflusste die Entstehung von TMV-spezifischen intrazellulären Komponenten (granulär und tubulär), die bekanntlich aus den virus-codierten Eiweißkomponenten der Virenreplikase bestehen. Charakteristisches Merkmal der Entwicklung der Infektion in Anwesenheit von κ/ß-Karagheen (4 Tage nach der Inokulation der Blätter mit TMV) war die vorwiegende Bildung der Granular- komponenten in den Zellen, die in den Frühstadien der TMV-Replikation entstehen. Die Zellen der Blätter, die nur mit TMV inokuliert worden waren, enthielten hauptsächlich die tubuläre Komponente, die, wie man vermutet, sich während der fortschreitenden Etappen der Infektion aus den Granular- komponenten bilden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass κ/ß-Karagheen die TMV-Infektion in abgeschnittenen Tabakblättern hemmt.

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Reunov, A., Nagorskaya, V., Lapshina, L. et al. Effect of κ/ß-Carrageenan from red alga Tichocarpus crinitus (Tichocarpaceae) on infection of detached tobacco leaves with tobacco mosaic virus. J Plant Dis Prot 111, 165–172 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356143

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