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Reactions of plantain and banana cultivars to black sigatoka leaf spot disease in three farming systems in the Nigerian guinea savanna

Reaktion von Mehl- und Obstbananen auf die Schwarze Sigatoka-Krankheit in drei Anbausystemen in der nigerianischen Guinea Savanne

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Abstract

An assessment of the severity of black sigatoka (BS), Mycosphaerella fijiensis, leaf spot disease on plantain and banana was undertaken in three farming systems in the Guinea savanna environment of Nigeria. The three farming systems were field sites, backyard sites and fadama sites. The plant crops cycle was divided into periods before flowering, at flowering and at harvest. Host response was measured throughout the stages of growth. Both symptom evolution time (Set) and incubation time (It) were faster after flowering than periods before flowering. The severity was significantly higher (p lt 0.05) in plantains and sweet bananas grown in outlying fields than in those in backyards and fadamas. At all the study sites, Bs was less severe on cooking bananas than on plantains and sweet bananas. Also, no significant differences were observed in Bs severity on cooking bananas grown in any of the three study sites, suggesting that the resistance is more of genetical than site effect. Thus, while breeding and genetic selection remain the most effective strategy against Bs, less disease develops on susceptible cultivars when they are cultivated on sites rich in organic matter.

Zusammenfassung

Die Befallsstärke der durch Mycosphaerella fijiensis verursachten Schwarzen Sigatoka-Krankheit (BS) an Mehl- und Obstbananen wurde in drei Anbausystemen in der Guinea Savanne von Nigeria erfasst. Bei den Anbausystemen handelte es sich um Freilandfelder, Gärten am Haus und Fadamas. Die Wachstumsphasen wurden eingeteilt in die Stadien vor der Blüte, während der Blüte und Ernte. Die Reaktionen der Wirtspflanzen wurden während aller Wachstumsphasen festgehalten. Der Verlauf der Symptomentwicklung (SET) und die Inkubationszeit (IT) waren schneller nach der Blüte als vor dem Blühen. Die Befallsstärke war signifikant höher (p lt 0,05) an Mehl- und Obstbananen, die im Freiland angebaut waren als an solchen, die in den Gärten der Fadamas wuchsen. An allen Standorten trat die Krankheit (BS) an den Kochbananen weniger stark auf als an den Mehl- und Obstbananen. Signifikante Unterschiede in der Bs-Befallsstärke an Kochbananen konnten an keinem der drei Standorte festgestellt werden, was darauf hindeutet, dass die Resistenz eher genetisch bedingt ist und weniger auf Standorteinflüsse zurückzuführen ist. So kann festgestellt werden, dass Züchtung und genetische Selektion wohl die effektivste Strategie gegen Bs darstellen, dass aber die Krankheit weniger stark auftritt, wenn anfällige Sorten auf einem humusreichen Standort angebaut werden.

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Oluma, H.O.A., Onekutu, A. & Onyezili, F.N. Reactions of plantain and banana cultivars to black sigatoka leaf spot disease in three farming systems in the Nigerian guinea savanna. J Plant Dis Prot 111, 158–164 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356142

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