Abstract
Tomato plants were cultivated in a climate chamber in 12-L-containers with aerated nutrient solution at root-zone temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 °C. Half of the containers were inoculated with oospores of Pythium aphanidermatum. During cultivation, the density of oospores in a sample of the nutrient solution was estimated one, three and five weeks after inoculation, using a haemocytometer, and the numbers of propagules in the nutrient solution and in the roots were also measured, by incubating serial dilutions of samples in a selective liquid medium. Six weeks after inoculation, plants were harvested, and their root and shoot characteristics recorded. With increasing root-zone temperature, the population densities of P. aphanidermatum in the roots and in the nutrient solution increased, while the growth of inoculated plants was reduced. Five weeks after inoculation, the pathogen density at 30 °C was 3.0 · 107 propagules per g dry mass in the roots and 6.6 · 104 propagules l−1 in the nutrient solution. At 20 °C, these quantities were 1.1 · 106 and 1.9 · 104, respectively. A high pathogen density at 30 °C resulted in significantly reduced photosynthesis, transpiration and dry mass of all plant components. Nitrogen and potassium concentration in the leaves decreased, which indicated limitations in the nutrient uptake of severely infected roots. At 20 °C, however, plant characteristics other than transpiration were not affected. It was concluded that the tomato tolerates infections of P. aphani- dermatum at low root-zone temperatures.
Zusammenfassung
In einer Klimakammer wurden Tomatenpflanzen in 12-L-Gefäßen mit belüfteter Nährlösung bei Wurzelraumtemperaturen von 20, 25 und 30 °C angebaut. Die Hälfte der Gefäße wurde mit Oosporen von Pythium aphanidermatum inokuliert. Eine, drei und fünf Wochen nach Inokulation wurden die Dichte der Oosporen in Nährlösungsproben mit Hilfe eines Hämozytometers sowie die Keimdichten in Nährlösungs- und Wurzelproben durch Inkubation von Verdünnungsreihen mit einem selektiven Flussigmedium geschätzt. Sechs Wochen nach der Inokulation wurden die Pflanzen geerntet und die Spross- und Wurzelmerkmale ermittelt. Mit steigender Wurzelraumtemperatur erhohte sich die Populationsdichte von P. aphanidermatum sowohl in der Nahrlosung als auch in der Wurzel, wahrend sich das Wachstum der inokulierten Pflanzen verringerte. Bei 30 °C wurden funf Wochen nach der Inokulation 3,0 · 107 Keime je g Wurzeltrockenmasse und 6,6 · 104 Keime je l Nahrlosung gemessen, bei 20 °C dagegen nur 1,1 · 106 Keime g−1 bzw. 1,9 · 104 Keime l−1. Als Folge der hohen Pathogendichte waren bei 30 °C die Photosynthese, die Transpiration und die Trockenmasse aller Pflanzenteile signifikant verringert. Die Stickstoff- und Kaliumkonzentration in den Blattern verringerte sich, was als Indiz fur Beschrankungen in der Nährstoffaufnahme bei stark infizierten Wurzeln angesehen wird. Dagegen blieben bei 20 °C alle untersuchten Merkmale, mit Ausnahme der Transpiration, unbeeinflusst. Es wurde die Schlussfolgerung gezogen, dass die Tomate eine Infektion von P. aphanidermatum bei niedriger Wurzelraumtemperatur toleriert.
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Panova, G.G., Grote, D. & Kläring, HP. Population dynamics of Pythium aphanidermatum and response of tomato plants as affected by root-zone temperature. J Plant Dis Prot 111, 52–63 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356132
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356132