Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Environmental impact of an orchard winter wash and early season pesticide applications on both a beneficial and a pest mite species in Bramley apple orchards

  • Published:
International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Apple orchards often receive winter-washes to help aid invertebrate pest control. These can have detrimental environmental consequences. The application of winter-wash increased Aculus schlechtendali numbers while a decrease in numbers of the beneficial mite Anystis baccarum was observed. The application of early season pesticide treatments produced mixed results in relation to A. schlechtendali. Pirimiphos-methyl had no apparent detrimental effect on A. baccarum, whereas pirimicarb and phosalone reduced A. baccarum populations. The potential to incorporate an orchard winter-wash and early-season pesticide applications within integrated pest management strategies is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bushkovskaya, L. M., (1974). The effect of chemicals on the mite Anystis. Zashchita Rastenii, 10, 53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calabretta, C. and Tropea-Garzia, G., (1987). Phosalone, in mixtures with acaricides, in a programme of supervised control of European red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) and codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) on apple. Tecnica. Agricola., 39, 61–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cranham, J. E. and Solomon, M. G., (1981). Mite management in commercial apple orchards. Report East Malling Research Station for 1980. 171–172.

  • Croft, B. A. and Brown, A. W. A., (1975). Responses of arthropod natural enemies to insecticides. Ann. Rev. Entomol., 20, 285–335.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cross, J. V. and Berrie, A. M., (1994). Effects of repeated foliar sprays of insecticides or fungicides on organophosphate-resistant strains of the orchard predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri on apple. Crop. Prot., 13, 39–44.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cross, J. V. and Berrie, A. M., (1996). Further field evaluation of the effects of repeated foliar sprays of insecticides or fungicides alone and in admixture on an organophosphate-resistant strain of the orchard predatory mite. Typhlodromus pyri on apple. Crop. Prot., 15, 637–639.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cuthbertson, A. G. S., (2004). Unnecessary pesticide applications in Northern Ireland apple orchards due to misidentification of a beneficial mite species. Res. J. Chem. Environ., 8(3), 77–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuthbertson, A. G. S., (2005). Re-discovery of a predatory mite in Northern Irish apple orchards. Bio. News, 30, 29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuthbertson, A. G. S. and Brown, M. A., (2006). Vital pollinators: honey bees in apple orchards. Biologist, 53, 77–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuthbertson, A. G. S. and Murchie, A. K., (2003). The impact of fungicides to control apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) on the predatory mite Anystis baccarum and its prey Aculus schlechtendali (apple rust mite) in Northern Ireland Bramley orchards. Crop Prot., 22, 1125–1130.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cuthbertson, A. G. S. and Murchie, A. K., (2004a). The phenology, oviposition and feeding rate of Anystis baccarum, a predatory mite in Bramley apple orchards in Northern Ireland. Exper. Appl. Acarol., 34, 367–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuthbertson, A. G. S. and Murchie, A. K., (2004b). The presence of Anystis baccarum (L.) in Northern Ireland Bramley apple orchards. Ir. Nat. J., 27, 465–467.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuthbertson, A. G.S. and Murchie, A. K., (2005a). Economic spray thresholds in need of revision for Northern Irish Bramley orchards. Bio. News, 32, 19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuthbertson, A. G. S. and Murchie, A. K., (2005b). European red spider mite - an environmental consequence of persistent chemical pesticide application. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 2(3), 287–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuthbertson, A. G. S. and Murchie, A. K., (2005c). Techniques for environmental monitoring of predatory fauna on branches of Bramley apple trees in Northern Ireland. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 2(1), 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuthbertson, A. G. S. and Murchie, A. K., (2005d). Environmental monitoring of Archips podana (fruit tree tortrix moth) in Bramley apple orchards in Northern Ireland. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 2(2), 101–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuthbertson, A. G. S. and Murchie, A. K., (2006a). Environmental monitoring of economically important invertebrate pests in Bramley apple orchards in Northern Ireland. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 3(1), 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuthbertson, A. G. S. and Murchie, A. K., (2006b). A preliminary study into the direct effect of chemical pesticides on the predatory mite Anystis baccarum. J. Ultra Sci. Physic. Sci., 18(2), 177–180.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cuthbertson, A. G. S., Bell, A. C. and Murchie, A. K., (2003a). Impact of the predatory mite Anystis baccarum (Prostigmata: Anystidae) on apple rust mite Aculus schlechtendali (Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) populations in Northern Ireland Bramley orchards. Ann. Appl. Biol., 142, 107–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuthbertson, A. G. S., Fleming, C. C. and Murchie, A. K., (2003b). Detection of Rhopalosiphum insertum (apple-grass aphid) predation by the predatory mite Anystis baccarum using molecular gut analysis. Agri. For. Entomol., 5, 219–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Easterbrook, M. A., (1984). Effects of pesticides on the apple rust mite Aculus schlechtendali (Nal.) (Eriophyidae). J. Hort. Sci., 59, 51–55.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Easterbrook, M. A., Solomon, M. G., Cranham, J. E. and Souter, E.F., (1985). Trials of an integrated pest management programme based on selective pesticides in English apple orchards. Crop Prot., 4, 215–230.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forsythe, H. Y., (1970). New insecticides for apples. Ohio Report, 55, 37–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruys, P., (1982). Hits and misses. The ecological approach to pest control in orchards. Entomol. Exper. Appl., 31, 70–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagley, E. A. C., (1979). Integrated pest management - insecticides and natural predator populations on apple. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Ont., 109, 9–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartfield, C. M. and Campbell, C. A. M., (1996). The use of the selective insecticide pirimicarb for integrated pest management of plum aphids in UK orchards. Brighton Crop Protection Conference: Pests and Diseases, 3, 879–884.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hislop, R. G. and Prokopy, R. J., (1981). Integrated management of phytophagous mites in Massachusetts (USA) apple orchards. II. Influence of pesticides on the predator Amblyseius fallacis (Acarina:Phytoseiidae) under laboratory and field conditions. Prot. Ecol., 3, 157–172.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jepson, P. C., Chaudhry, A. G., Salt, D. W., Ford, M. G., Efe, E. and Chowdhury, A. B. N. M. U., (1990). A reductionist approach towards short-term hazard analysis for terrestrial invertebrates exposed to pesticides. Funct. Ecol., 4, 339–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karadzhov, S., (1973). The problem of harmful Acarina on apple. Rastitelna Zashchita, 21, 21–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyne, P. M., (1981). Pirimiphos-methyl for rust mite control in UK orchards. Proc. Brit. Crop Prot. Confer. - Pests and Diseases, 1, 83–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacPhee, A. W. and Sanford, K. H., (1961). The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Novia Scotia. XII. Second supplement to VII. Effects on beneficial arthropods. Can. Entomol., 93, 671–673.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massee, A. M., (1929). The fruit tree red spider mite (Olygonychus ulmi C.L. Koch). Ann. Rep. East Mall. Res. St., 16, 116–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMurtry, J. A., Huffaker, C. B. and van de Vrie, M., (1970). Tetranychid enemies: their biological characters and the impact of spray practices. Hilgardia, 40, 331–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niemczyk, E., (1997). The occurrence of different groups of phytophagous and predatory mites on apple plots sprayed according to different programs. Zahradnictvi, 24, 45–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowakowski, Z., (1982). Control of the European red mite in early spring. Prace Instytutu Sadownictwa i Kwiaciarstwa w Skierniewicach A, 23, 123–130 (In Polish).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasqualini, E. and Malavolta, C., (1985). Possibility of natural limitation of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acarina:Tetranychidae) on apple in Emilia-Romagna. Bollettino dell ‘Istituto di Entomologia’ Guido Grandi ‘della Universita degli Studi di Bologna, 39, 221–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, M.G., Easterbrook, M.A. and Fitzgerald, J.D., (1993). Mite management programmes based on organophosphate-resistant Typhlodromus pyri in UK apple orchards. Crop Prot., 12, 249–254.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van de Vrie, M., McMurtry, J.A. and Huffaker, C.B., (1972). Ecology of tetranychid mites and their natural enemies: A review III. Biology, ecology and pest status, and host plant relations of tetranychids. Hilgardia, 41, 343–432.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wearing, C.H. and Ashley, E., (1982). A recommended spray programme for integrated mite control on apples. Orch. NZ, 55, 27–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, N.D.G., Jayas, D.S. and C.J. Demianyk, C.J., (1997). Degradation and biological impact of chlorpyrifos-methyl on stored wheat and pirimiphos-methyl on stored maize in western Canada. J. Stor. Prod. Res., 33, 125–135.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zacharda, M., Pultar, O. and Muska, J., (1988). Washing technique for monitoring mites in apple orchards. Exper. Appl. Acarol., 5, 181–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK

    A. G. S. Cuthbertson

  2. Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Northern Ireland and the Queen’s University of Belfast, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, UK

    A. K. Murchie

Authors
  1. A. G. S. Cuthbertson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. K. Murchie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. G. S. Cuthbertson.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cuthbertson, A.G.S., Murchie, A.K. Environmental impact of an orchard winter wash and early season pesticide applications on both a beneficial and a pest mite species in Bramley apple orchards. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 3, 333–339 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03325942

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03325942

Keywords

Search

Navigation