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Hip fracture surgery: Is the pre-operative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score a predictor of functional outcome?

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Abstract

Background and aims: Many studies have identified specific demographic, social, health or life-style pre-operative indicators of long-term outcome among older hip fracture patients who underwent surgical treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of peri- and intra-operative factors, and more specifically of the pre-operative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score on functional outcome in these patients. Methods: A questionnaire designed to assess pre-fracture functional and health status was administered to surgically treated hip fracture patients. Post-fracture functional and health status was further ascertained by in-home interview one year after the operation. Among 140 consecutive eligible patients older than 65 years, 10 either refused subsequent interviews or could not be contacted; an additional 16 patients died during the year of follow-up, leaving 114 patients available for this study. Results: The average age of the patients was 82.4 years. Almost two-thirds of them suffered from severe systemic disease, whether or not incapacitating (ASA grades III–IV). Subjects classified in these categories presented more frequently with cardiovascular disorders, were more frequently disoriented, and already had some pre-fracture difficulty with ambulation. The mortality at one year was almost nine times higher in severely impaired patients (grades III–IV) than in healthy or mildly affected patients (grades I–II). Functional outcome and/or ambulatory ability assessed at one year did not reveal any statistically significant difference between the ASA I–II and III–IV groups. The most pronounced difference was noticed for the functional independence measured by the ADL score (p=0.236). Better prognoses were consistently recorded for patients with an intracapsular fracture, for those who were operated within 24 hours, for those treated with a prosthesis as opposed to internal fixation, and for those whose operating time was less than 1½ hours. Conclusions: Although the ASA classification is a good predictor of long-term mortality, the findings of the present investigation do not conclusively associate ASA score with post-operative restoration of mobility and functional independence.

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Correspondence to Jean-Pierre Michel M.D..

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Michel, JP., Klopfenstein, C., Hoffmeyer, P. et al. Hip fracture surgery: Is the pre-operative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score a predictor of functional outcome?. Aging Clin Exp Res 14, 389–394 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324467

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