Abstract
Consider the n-dimensional nonautonomous system ẋ(t) = A(t)G(x(t)) − B(t)F(x(t − τ(t))) Let u = (u 1,…,u n ), \(f^{i}_{0}={\rm lim}_{\|{\rm u}\|\rightarrow 0}{f^{i}(\rm u)\over \|u\|}\), \(f^{i}_{\infty}={\rm lim}_{\|{\rm u}\|\rightarrow \infty}{f^{i}(\rm u)\over \|u\|}\), i = l,…,n, F = (f 1…,f n), \({\rm F_{0}}={\rm max}_{i=1,\ldots,n}{f^{i}_{0}}\) and \({\rm F_{\infty}}={\rm max}_{i=1,\ldots,n}{f^{i}_{\infty}}\). Under some quite general conditions, we prove that either F0 = 0 and F∞ = ∞, or F0 = ∞ and F∞ = 0, guarantee the existence of positive periodic solutions for the system for all λ > 0. Furthermore, we show that F0 = F∞ = 0, or F∞ = F∞ = ∞ guarantee the multiplicity of positive periodic solutions for the system for sufficiently large, or small λ, respectively. We also establish the nonexistence of the system when either F0 and F∞ > 0, or F0 and F∞, < for sufficiently large, or small λ, respectively. We shall use fixed point theorems in a cone.
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O’Regan, D., Wang, H. Positive Periodic Solutions of Systems of First Order Ordinary Differential Equations. Results. Math. 48, 310–325 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03323371
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03323371