Skip to main content
Log in

Análisis coste-efectividad del uso a largo plazo de clopidogrel en el manejo de los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST en España

  • Artículo de Investigación Original
  • Published:
PharmacoEconomics Spanish Research Articles

Resumen

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es valorar la relación coste-efectivi-dad en España del tratamiento con clopidogrel en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento ST (SCACEST) a corto y largo plazo.

Método: Se ha construido un árbol de decisión combinado con un modelo de Markov. Los datos de efcacia provienen de los ensayos clínicos CLARITY y COMMIT durante el primer mes, y de la cohorte “CAPRIE-like” del estudio CHARISMA (meses 2–12). Los datos de riesgo de muerte, IAM e ictus en población no tratada y los de la supervivencia a largo plazo fueron obtenidos del registro Swedish Hospital Discharge and Cause of Death register. El modelo se ha elaborado siguiendo la perspectiva del fnanciador del sistema sanitario, utilizando datos de costes españoles. La efectividad se ha medido en años de vida ganados (AVG) con clopidogrel. Los costes y efectos se han descontado con una tasa anual del 3%.

Resultados: En dos cohortes de pacientes con las características e incidencia de eventos similares a las de los estudios CLARITY y COMMIT, el tratamiento con clopidogrel hasta un año proporciona 0,166 y 0,217 AV G con un coste adicional de 66 € y 635 € por paciente, respectivamente. Estos resultados dieron lugar a razones de coste por AVG de 397 € y 2.927 € para las cohortes CLARITY y COMMIT. La diferencia en la incidencia de ictus fue más pronunciada en el CLARITY, lo que se traduce en importantes ahorros de costes.

Conclusiones: Considerando que el umbral de coste-efectividad generalmente aceptado en España es de 30.000 €/AVG, el tratamiento con clopidogrel de pacientes con SCACEST es coste-efectivo tanto a corto como largo plazo.

Abstract

Introduction: We aimed to assess short- and long-term cost-effectiveness of clopidogrel in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Spain.

Method: A combined decision tree and Markov model was constructed. Effcacy data were obtained from CLARITY and COMMIT for the frst month and from the “CAPRIE-like” cohort of CHARISMA trial (months 2–12). Risk estimations of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in an untreated population and long-term survival after all events were derived from the Swedish Hospital Discharge and Cause of Death register. A payer perspective was chosen for the analysis, using local costs. Effectiveness was measured as the number of life-years gained (LYG) with clopidogrel treatment. Costs and effects were discounted at 3%.

Results: In two patient cohorts with the same characteristics and event rates as in the CLARITY and COMMIT populations, treatment with clopidogrel for up to 1 year resulted in a gain of 0.166 LYG and 0.217 LYG and additional costs of 66 € and 635 € per patient respectively. These fgures yielded a cost per LYG ratio of 397 € and 2,927 € for CLARITY and COMMIT cohorts, respectively. The difference in stroke rates was more pronounced in CLARITY with important cost savings being achieved.

Conclusions: Clopidogrel appeared to be cost-effective in short- and long-term treatment in STEMI patients with predicted ICERs being generally below the accepted threshold value of €30,000/LYG.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Bibliografía

  1. Gum PA, Kottke-Marchant K, Poggio ED, et al. Profle and prevalence of aspirin resistance in patients with cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol. 2001;88:230–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Pamukcu B. A review of aspirin resistance; defnition, possible mechanisms, detection with platelet function tests, and its clinical outcomes. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2007;23:213–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Tseeng S, Arora R. Aspirin resistance: biological and clinical implications. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2008;13:5–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. The Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events Trial (CURE) Investigators- Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:494-502.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Sabatine MS, Cannon CP, Gibson CM, et al. Addition of clo-pidogrel to aspirin and fbrinolytic therapy for myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med. 2005; 352:1179–1189.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Chen ZM, Jiang LX, Chen YP, et al. Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: Randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:1607–1621.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Van de Werf F, Bax J, Betriu A, et al. Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with persistent ST-segment elevation: the Task Force on the Management of ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2008;29:2909–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Hacke W, et al. Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1706–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bhatt DL, Flather MD, Hacke W, et al. Patients With Prior Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, or Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease in the CHARISMA Trial. JACC. 2007; 49:1982–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Buxton JM, Drummond MF, van Hout BA, et al. Modelling in economic evaluation: an unavoidable fact of life. Health Econ 1997;6:217–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Philips Z, Ginnelly L, Sculpher M, et al. Review of guidelines for good practice in decision-analytic modelling in health technology assessment. Health Technol Assess. 2004;8:iii–iv, ix–xi, 1–158.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Berg J, Lindgren P, Spiesser J, et al. Cost-effectiveness of clo-pidogrel in myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation: a European model based on the CLARITY and COMMIT trials. Clin Ther. 2007;29:1184–202.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. Hospital Discharge Register and Cause of Death Register, 1995–2003.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR, et al. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:494–502.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Burstrom K, Johannesson M, Diderichsen F. Health-related quality of life by disease and socio-economic group in the general population in Sweden. Health Policy. 2001; 55(1):51–69.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo. Información validada sobre los precios ofciales de los medicamentos. Madrid, 2008. Disponible en http://www.msc.es/profesionales/farmacia/frm-Nomenclator.jsp. [Accedido en marzo de 2008].

    Google Scholar 

  17. Badia X, Bueno H, González-Juanatey JR, et al. Análisis de la relación coste-efectividad a corto y largo plazo de clopidogrel añadido a terapia estándar en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo en España. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2005;58:1385–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hervás A, Cabasés JM, Forcén T. Costes del ictus desde la perspectiva social. Enfoque de incidencia restrospectiva con seguimiento a tres años. Rev Neurol. 2006; 43:518–525.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Gisbert R, Brosa M. Base de Datos de Costes Sanitarios eSalud. Barcelona, 2008. Disponible en http://www.oblikue.com [Accedido en marzo de 2008].

    Google Scholar 

  20. López Bastida J, Oliva J, Antoñanzas F, et al. Propuesta de guía para la evaluación económica aplicada a las tecnologías sanitarias. Madrid: Plan Nacional para el SNS del MSC. Servicio de Evaluación del Servicio Canario de la Salud; 2008. Informes de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias: SESCS No 2006/22.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Lothgren M, Zethraeus N. Defnition, interpretation and calculation of cost-effectiveness acceptability curves. Health Econ. 2000;9:623–630.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Sacristán JA, Oliva J, Del Llano J, et al. ¿Qué es una tecnología sanitaria efciente en España? Gac Sanit. 2002;16:334–43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kolm P, Yuan Y, Veledar E, et al. Cost-effectiveness of clopi-dogrel in acute coronary syndromes in Canada: a long-term analysis based on the CURE trial. Can J Cardiol. 2007;23:1037–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lindgren P, Stenestrand U, Malmberg K, et al. The long-term cost-effectiveness of clopidogrel plus aspirin in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in Sweden. Clin Ther. 2005;27:100–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Mahoney EM, Mehta S, Yuan Y, et al. Long-term cost-effectiveness of early and sustained clopidogrel therapy for up to 1 year in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention after presenting with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. Am Heart J. 2006; 151:219–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Heeg BM, Peters RJ, Botteman M, et al. Long-term clopido-grel therapy in patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention. Pharmacoeconomics. 2007; 25:769–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Weintraub WS, Mahoney EM, Lamy A, et al. Long-term cost-effectiveness of clopidogrel given for up to one year in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:838–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Schleinitz MD, Heidenreich PA. A cost-effectiveness analysis of combination antiplatelet therapy for high-risk acute coronary syndromes: clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:251–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Lamy A, Jönsson B, Weintraub WS, et al. The cost-effectiveness of the use of clopidogrel in acute coronary syndromes in fve countries based upon the CURE study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2004; 11:460–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Latour-Pérez J, Navarro-Ruiz A, Ridao-López M, et al. Using clopidogrel in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome patients: a cost-utility analysis in Spain. Value Health. 2004;7:52–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Lyseng-Williamson KA, Plosker GL. Clopidogrel: a pharma-coeconomic review of its use in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. Pharmacoeconomics. 2006;24:709–26.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Max Brosa.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Brosa, M., Bueno, H., González-Juanatey, J.R. et al. Análisis coste-efectividad del uso a largo plazo de clopidogrel en el manejo de los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST en España. Pharmacoecon. Span. Res. Artic. 7, 80–91 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03321476

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03321476

Palabras clave

Key words

Navigation