Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

QoS multicast routing with delay constraints

Routage Multidestinataire Avec Qualité de Service Garantie en Matière de Délais de Transmission

  • Published:
Annales des Télécommunications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Proliferation of group-based real-time applications, such as online games and video conferencing has motivated research into QoS multicast routing. These types of applications require consideration of both source-to-destination delay (i.e., packet delay from the source to all destinations) and inter-destination delay variation (i.e., the difference in packet delay from the source to different destinations) constraints.

In this paper, we formulate a new combined problem for delay partitioning and multicast routing with source-to-destination delay and inter-destination delay variation constraints in a QoS framework, where a delay dependent cost function is associated with each network link. After identifying the problem asnp-complete, we introduce a Genetic Algorithm (ga) based algorithm that computes a source-based multicast tree which satisfies both constraints with near-optimal cost. We compare differentga schemes using different selection operators and find that the combination of Steady Statega and Remainder Stochastic Sampling selection operator works best for our problem. Simulation results also show that ourga heuristic consistently perfornis better than several other simple heuristics.

Résumé

L’augmentation du nombre d’applications faisant dialoguer en temps réel des groupes d’utilisateurs, comme les jeux en ligne ou les visioconférences, est une des principales motivations de la recherche sur la qualité de service du routage multidestinataire (multicast routing). Il faut en effet maîtriser tout aussi bien le délai de transmission source-destination (c’est à dire de la source vers toutes les destinations) que la variation des délais de transmission selon les diverses destinations.

Dans cet article, on formule un nouveau problème de partionnement du délai et de routage multidestinataire prenant en compte le délai source-destination et la variation de délai selon les destinataires, où une fonction de coût dépendante du délai est associée à chaque lien du réseau. Après avoir montré que le problème étaitnp-complet, on introduit un algorithme fondé sur l’algorithme génétique pour calculer l’arbre multidestinataire qui satisfait les deux contraintes à un coût presqu’optimal. On compare ensuite plusieurs modèles d’algorithmes génétiques en utilisant différents opérateurs de sélection pour trouver le plus adapté à notre problème. C’est une combinaison de l’algorithme génétique stationnaire et de l’opérateur de sélection à échantillonnage stochastique du reste. Les résultats de simulation indiquent que notre heuristique se comporte mieux que plusieurs autres heuristiques simples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kompella (V.),Pasquale (J.),Polyzos (G.), “Multicast routing for multimedia communication”, Networking,ieee/acm Transactions on,1, no 3, pp. 286–292, 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Rouskas (G. N.),Baldine (I.), “Multicast routing with end-to-end delay and delay variation constraints”,ieee Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,15, no 3, pp. 346–356, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Parsa (M.),Zhu (Q.),Garcia-Luna-Aceves (J. J.), “An iterative algorithm for delay-constrained minimum-cost multicasting”,ieee/acm Transactions on Networking,6, no 4, pp. 461–474, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Wang (B.)Hou (J. C.), “Multicast routing and its QoS extension: Problems, algorithms, and protocols”,ieee Network,14, no 1, pp. 22–36, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Akyildiz (I.) Yen (W.), “Multimedia group synchronization protocols for integrated services networks”,Selected Areas in Communications, ieee Journal on,14 no 1, pp. 162–173, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kapoor (S.),Raghavan (S.), “Improved multicast routing with delay and delay variation constraints”, inGlobal Telecommunications Conference, 2000, Globecom’00.ieee,1, pp. 476–489, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Sheu (P.-R.)Chen (S.-T.), “A fast and efficient heuristic algorithm for the delay and delay variation bound multicast tree problem”, inInformation Networking, 2001. Proceedings. 15th International Conference on, pp. 611–618, 2001.

  8. Low (C. P.)Lee (Y. J.), “Distributed multicast routing, with end-to-end delay and delay variation constraints”,Computer Communications,24, no 9, pp. 848–862, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lorenz (D. H.),Orda (A.), “Optimal partition of qos requirements on unicast paths and multicast trees”,ieee/acm Transactions on Networking,10, pp. 102–114, 2002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Waxman (B.), “Routing of multipoint connections”,Selected Areas in Communications, ieee Journal on,6, no 9, pp. 1617–1622, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Doar (M.),Leslie (I.), “How bad is naive niulticast routing?”, ininfocom’93. Proceedings. Twelfth Annual Joint Conference of the ieee Computer and Communications Societies. Networking: Foundation for the Future.ieee Comput. Lab., Cambridge Univ., UK Comput. Lab., Cambridge Univ., UK: Theoretical or Mathematical,1, pp. 82–89 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Lin (H. C.),Lai (S.-C.), “A dynamic multicast routing algorithm”, ininfocom’98. Seventeenth Annual Joint Conference of the ieee Computer and Communications Societies. Proceedings ieee,3, Dept. of Comput. Sci., Nat. Tsing Hua Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan: Theoretical or Mathematical,3, pp. 1426–1432, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Wang (K.),Chen (J.-H.), “An efficient probabilistic dynamic multicast routing inatm networks”,Journal of Information Science and Engineering15, pp. 485–504, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Subramanian (N.), S.Lin, “Centralized multipoint routing in wide area networks”, inSymposium on Applied Computing, pp. 46–52, 1991.

  15. Hnang (N.-F.),Chen (K.-S.),Chao (H.-C.),Pan (J.-Y.), “A distributed multicast tree migration scheme foratm based personal communication networks”, inGlobal Telecommunications Conference, 1996. globecom’96. “Communications: The Key to Global Prosperity,2. Dept. of Comput. Sci., Nat. Tsing Hua Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan: Theoretical or Mathematical, pp. 1054–1058, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Baner (F.),Varma (A.), “Aries: a rearrangeable inexpensive edge-based on-line Stener algorithm”,Selected Areas in Communications, ieee Journal on,15, no 3, pp. 382–397, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Chakrabarti (A.),Manimaran (C.), “A case for scalable multicast tree migration”, inGlobal Telecommunications Conference, 2001. globecom’01. ieee, Iowa State University,3, pp. 2026–2030, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Chakrabarti (A.),Striegel (A.),Manimaran (C.), “A case for tree evolution in QoS multicasting”, inQuality of Service, 2002. Tenth ieee International Workshop on, Iowa State University, pp. 116–125, 2002.

  19. Lorenz (D. H.),Orda (A.), “QoS routing in networks with uncertain parameters”,ieee/acm Transactions on Networking,6 pp. 768–778, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Tran (H. T.),Harris (R. J.), “Near-optimal allocation of delay requirements on multicast trees”, inifip Interworking 2002 — Converged Networking: Data and Real-time overip. Perth, Western Australia: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 325–339, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Atov (I.),Tran (H. T.),Harris (R. J), “Efficient QoS partition and routing in multiserviceip networks”, inipccc 2003, A. D. George, E. Johnson, G. C. R. III, and G. Xue, Eds. Phoenix, Arizona,usa, pp. 435–441, 2003.

  22. Kou (L.),Markowsky (C.),Berman (L.), “A fast algorithm for Steiner trees”,Acta Informatica,15, no 141–145, 1981.

  23. Haberman (B. K.),Rouskas (C. N.), “Cost, delay, and delay variation conscious multicast routing”,nc State University, Tech. Rep., 1997.

  24. Carey (M. R.),Johnson (D. S.),Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Reeves (C. R.), Ed.Modern heuristic techniques for combinatorial problems, ser. Advanced topics in computer science, London: McGraw-Hill, 1995. science. London: McCraw-Hill, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Sun (Q.),Langendorfer (H.), “Computation of constrained multicast trees using a genetic algorithm”,European Transactions on Telecommunications,10, no 5, pp. 513–516, 1999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Gelenbe (E.), “Genetic algorithms for route discovery”, inspect’03, Montreal, Canada, 2003.

  28. Gelenbe (E.),Chanwani (A.),Srinivasan (V.), “Improved neural heuristics for multicast routing”,Selected Areas in Communications, ieee Journal on,15, no 2, pp. 147–155, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Gelenbe (E.), “Random neural networks with positive and negative signals and product form solution”,Neural Computation,1, no 4, pp. 502–510, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Gelenbe (E.), “Stable random neural networks”,Neural Computation,2, no 2, pp. 239–247, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Rayward-Smith (V. J.), “The computation of nearly minimal Steiner trees in graphs”,International Journal of Mathematics and Educational Science and Technology,14, no 1, pp. 15–23, 1983.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  32. Goldberg (D. E.),Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning. Massachusetts: Addison Wesley, 1989.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Palmer (C. C.),Kershenbaum (A.), “Representing trees in genetic algorithms”, inthe First ieee Conference on Evolutionary Computation,1, pp. 379–384, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Caube (T.),Rothlauf (F.), “the link and node biased encoding revisited: Bias and adjustment of parameters”, University of Illinois, Tech. Rep. 2001011, 2001.

  35. Wall (M.), “Galib: a c++ Library of genetic algorithm components”,mit, 1995–1999.

  36. Q. N. L. B. University, “Brite: Boston university representative internet topology generator”, 2001.

  37. Tran (H. T.),Harris (R. J.), “An efficient distributed algorithm for delay constrained multicast routing” instnac 2003, Melbourne, 2003.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia

    Hieu T. Tran & Richard J. Harris

  2. 459 Swanston Street, 3001, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Hieu T. Tran & Richard J. Harris

Authors
  1. Hieu T. Tran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Richard J. Harris
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hieu T. Tran.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tran, H.T., Harris, R.J. QoS multicast routing with delay constraints. Ann. Télécommun. 59, 1388–1406 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03179727

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03179727

Key words

Mots clés

Search

Navigation