Samenvatting
Achtergrond: Het doel van deze studie is te bestuderen of fysieke en sociale omgevingskenmerken bijdragen aan de verklaring van sociaal-economische verschillen in wandelen en sportbeoefening onder volwassenen in Nederland. Methode: Focusgroep interviews onder mensen uit lagere en hogere sociaal-economische groepen hebben richting gegeven aan de selectie van potentieel relevante omgevingskenmerken. Percepties van zulke omgevingskenmerken zijn vervolgens geoperationaliseerd in een vragenlijst, die is verstuurd naar 10.271 mensen tussen de 25 en 74 jaar (respons 64.4%). In zeven minder en zeven meer welvarende buurten in Eindhoven zijn tevens onafhankelijke observaties verricht van de fysieke omgeving. Resultaten: Het vragenlijstonderzoek bevestigde dat mensen uit lagere sociaal-economische groepen minder recreatief bewegen. Zij rapporteerden vaker dat hun woonomgeving niet aantrekkelijk en onveilig was, dat de sociale cohesie in de buurt minder goed was, en dat zij over een kleiner sociaal netwerk in de buurt beschikten. Deze factoren verklaarden een klein deel van de sociaal-economische verschillen in sporten en in wandelen. Conclusies: Een aantrekkelijke en veilige omgeving, goede sociale cohesie en een goed sociaal netwerk in de buurt lijken een kleine bijdrage te leveren aan sociaal-economische verschillen in bewegen. Beleid gericht op de verbetering van deze omgevingskenmerken kan mogelijk ook bijdragen aan de bevordering van bewegen in lagere sociaal-economische groepen.
Abstract
Socioeconomic inequalities in sport participation and recreational walking: the role of social and physical environment
Background: It is the aim of this study to explore the contribution of characteristics of the social and physical environment to socioeconomic inequalities in sport participation and recreational walking among adults in the Netherlands. Methods: Focusgroup interviews among individuals from lower and higher socioeconomic groups provided direction to the selection of the potentially most relevant environmental characteristics. Perceptions of such characteristics were subsequently operationalised in a postal survey, which was sent to 10.271 persons aged between 25 and 74 years (respons 64.4%). Independent observations were made of the physical environment in seven of the most deprived and seven of the most affluent neighbourhoods in Eindhoven. Results: Analyses from the survey confirmed the lower prevalence of leisure time physical activity among individuals from lower socioeconomic groups. These individuals more often perceived their living environment as less attractive and unsafe, and reported lower social cohesion and a smaller social network in their neighbourhood. These factors contributed for a small part to socioeconomic inequalities in sport participation and recreational walking. Conclusions: An attractive and safe living environment, social cohesion and a good social network in the neighbourhood seem to contribute for a small amount to socioeconomic inequalities in leisure time physical activity. Policies aimed at the improvement of these environmental characteristics can perhaps contribute to the promotion of leisure time physical activity in lower socioeconomic groups.
Keywords: physical activity, life style, socioeconomic inequalities, living environment
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Afdeling Maatschappelijke Gezondheidszorg, Rotterdam
Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau, Den Haag
Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Afdeling Psychiatrie, Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
EMGO Instituut, VU Medisch Centrum Amsterdam
Voor publicatie aanvaard in november 2009.
Bijlage: Buurtkenmerken, kenmerken van huishoudens en individuen gemeten in de GLOBE-vragenlijst 2004
Bijlage: Buurtkenmerken, kenmerken van huishoudens en individuen gemeten in de GLOBE-vragenlijst 2004
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van Lenthe, F.J., Kamphuis, C.B.M., Giskes, K. et al. Sociaal-economische verschillen in recreatief bewegen. TVGW 88, 32–40 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03089532
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03089532