Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

De invloed van positieve en negatieve feedback op het zelfvertrouwen van cliënten met een eetstoornis

Een vergelijking tussen expliciet en impliciet meten

  • Artikelen
  • Published:
Directieve therapie

Samenvatting

Een gebrek aan zelfwaardering kan een belangrijke rol spelen in de ontwikkeling en het voortduren van eetstoornissen. In dit onderzoek zijn de gevolgen van positieve en negatieve feedback op de impliciete en expliciete zelfwaardering bestudeerd bij vrouwen met een eetstoornis in vergelijking met vrouwen zonder psychische stoornis. Na het uitvoeren van een hiervoor ontworpen computertest werd aan de deelnemers positieve dan wel negatieve feedback gegeven over hun prestaties. Voor en na afname van de test werden de expliciete en impliciete zelfwaardering gemeten. Op de expliciete meting toonden vrouwen met een eetstoornis een negatievere zelfwaardering na negatieve feedback en een positievere zelfwaardering na positieve feedback. Op de impliciete meting toonden deze vrouwen enkel een positieve verandering na positieve feedback, terwijl effect uitbleef na de negatieve feedback. Niet-patiënten veranderden niet in zelfwaardering door feedback. Er is geen correlatie gevonden tussen de expliciete en impliciete maten, hetgeen suggereert dat het verschillende constructen betreft. Deze resultaten onderstrepen het belang van het positief benaderen van vrouwen met een eetstoornis.

Abstract

Lack of self-esteem may play an important role in the development and persistence of eating disorders. This study investigates the impact of positive and negative feedback on implicit and explicit self-esteem in women with an eating disorder as compared to non-patients. Positive or negative feedback was given on participant’s performance on a specifically developed computer test. Before and after the performance explicit and implicit self-esteem was measured. On the explicit measure women with an eating disorder reacted congruently with the nature of the feedback. On the implicit measure only women with an eating disorder responded to the positive feedback with an improvement of the self-esteem with no effect for negative feedback. Non-patients were unaffected by either feedback. No correlation was observed between the explicit and implicit measures suggesting that these measurements tap different constructs. These results underline the importance of positively approaching women with eating disorders.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Referenties

  • American Psychiatric Association (APA) (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edition). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

  • Button, E.J. & Warren, R.L. (2002). Self-image in anorexia nervosa 7.5 years after initial presentation to a specialized eating disorders service. European Eating Dirorders Review, 10, 399-412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cai, H. (2003). Explicit self-esteem, implicit self-esteem and depression. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 17, 331-336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, P.J. & Fairburn, C.G. (1993). Confusion over the core psychopathology of bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 13, 385-389.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Houwer, J. (2003). The extrinsic affective Simon task. Experimental Psychology, 50, 77-85.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Houwer, J. (2006). What are implicit measures and why are we using them. In: R.W. Wiers & A.W. Stacy (Eds.), The handbook of implicit cognition and addiction (pp. 11-28). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishers.

  • De Raedt, R., Schacht, R., Franck, E., & De Houwer, J. (2006). Self-esteem and depression revisited: Implicit positive self-esteem in depressed patients? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1017-1028.

    Google Scholar 

  • Degner, J. & Wentura, D. (2008). The extrinsic affective Simon task as an instrument for indirect assessment of prejudice. European Journal of social Psychology, 38, 1033-1043.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dijksterhuis, A. (2004). Personality Processes and Individual Differences – I Like Myself but I Don’t Know Why: Enhancing Implicit Self-Esteem by Subliminal Evaluative Conditioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 345-354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairburn, C.G., Cooper, Z., & Shafran, R. (2003). Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: a ‘transdiagnostic’ theory and treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 509-528.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairburn, C.G., Peveler, R.C., Jones, R., Hope, R.A., & Doll, H.A. (1993). Predictors of 12-month outcome in boulimia nervosa and the influence of attitudes to shape and weight. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 696-698.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fennell, M. (1997). Low self-esteem: A cognitive perspective. Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 25, 1-25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fennell, M. (1999). Overcoming low self-esteem: A self-help guide using cognitive behavioural techniques. London: Robinson.

  • Fennell, M. (2004). Depression, low self-esteem and mindfulness. Behavior, Research and Therapy, 42, 1053-1067.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franck E., De Raedt R., & De Houwer, J. (2007). Implicit but not explicit self-esteem predicts future depressive symptomatology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2448-2455.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fryer, S., Waller, G., & Kroese, B.S. (1997). Stress, coping, and disturbed eating attitudes in teenage girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 22, 427-436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwald, A.G., McGhee, D.E., & Schwarz, J.L.K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464-1480.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartlage, S., Alloy, L.B., Vasquez, C., & Dykman, B. (1993). Automatic and effortful processes in depression. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 247-278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasher, L. & Zacks, R.T. (1979). Automatic and effortful processes in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 108, 356-389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamphuis, J.H. & De Vente, W. (2000). Eating Disorder Inventory: Dutch Translation. Unpublished document.

  • Korrelboom, C.W. (2008). Treating low self-esteem with competitive memory therapy (COMET). Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 14, 67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsen, M.A., Fazio, R.H., & Hermann, A.D. (2007). Reporting Tendencies Underlie Discrepancies Between Implicit and Explicit Measures of Self-Esteem. Psychological Science, 18, 287-291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olij, R, Korrelboom, C.W., Huijbrechts, I., Jong, M. de, Cloin, N., Maarsingh, M., & Paumen, B. (2006). De module zelfbeeld in een groep: werkwijze en eerste bevindingen. Directieve therapie, 26, 307-325.

  • Raes, F., Hermans, D., De Decker, A., Eelen, P., & Williams, J.M.G. (2003). Autobiographical memory specificity and affect regulation: An experimental approach. Emotion, 3, 201-206.

  • Rothermund, K. & Wentura, D. (2001). Figure-Ground Asymmetries in the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie (Special Issue on the Implicit Association Test), 48, 94-106.

  • Rydell, R.J. & McConnell, A.R. (2006). Understanding implicit and explicit attitude change: A systems of reasoning analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 995-1008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu, M. & Pelham, B.W. (2004). The unconscious cost of good fortune: Implicit and explicit self-esteem, positive life events, and health. Health Psychology, 23, 101-105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spalding, L.R. & Hardin, C.D., (1999). Unconscious unease and self-handicapping: Behavioral consequences of individual differences in implicit and explicit self-esteem. Psychological Science, 10, 535-539.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stein, D., Kaye, W.H., Matsunaga, H., Orbach, I., Har-Even, D., Frank, G., McConaha, C.W., & Rao, R. (2002). Eating-related concerns, mood, and personality traits in recovered bulimia nervosa subjects: A replication study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32, 225-229.

  • Vanderlinden, J. (2005). Anorexia nervosa overwinnen in 13 stappen. Tielt: Lannoo.

  • Vanderlinden, J. (2008). Boulimie en eetbuien overwinnen in 10 stappen. Tielt: Lannoo.

  • Vermeulen, N., Corneille, O., & Luminet, O. (2007). A mood moderation of the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task. European Journal of Personality, 21, 359-369.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vohs, K.D., Bardone, A.M., Joiner, T.E. Jr., Abramson, L.Y., & Heatherton, T.F. (1999). Perfectionism, perceived weight status, and self-esteem interact top predict bulimic symptoms: A model of bulimic symptoms development. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 695-700.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vohs, K.D., Voelz, Z.R., Pettit, J.W., Bardone, A.M., Katz, J., Abramson, L.Y., Heatherron, T.F., & Joiner, T.E. Jr. (2001). Perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem: An interactive model of bulimic symptom development. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 20, 476-497.

  • Waller, G., Dickson, C., & Ohanian, V. (2002). Cognitive content in bulimic disorders: Core beliefs and eating attitudes. Eating Bheaviors, 3, 171-178.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. www.bsl.nl/shop/directieve-therapie-0167-238x.html

    Constance Slagmolen

Authors
  1. Constance Slagmolen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jan Henk Kamphuis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Daniël Wigboldus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Michel Probst
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Johan Vanderlinden
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Constance Slagmolen.

Additional information

drs. c.j.j. slagmolen is als psycholoog verbonden aan HSK Groep, locatie Eindhoven. E-mail: cjjslagmolen@gmail.com.

prof. dr. j.h. kamphuis is als hoogleraar psychodiagnostiek en persoonlijkheid verbonden aan de vakgroep Psychologie, programmagroep Klinische Psychologie, van de Faculteit Maatschappij- en Gedragswetenschappen aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam.

prof. dr. d.h.j. wigboldus is als onderwijsdirecteur verbonden aan het onderwijsinstituut Psychologie en Kunstmatige Intelligentie van de Faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen aan de St Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen.

prof. dr. m. probst is als psychomotorisch therapeut werkzaam in het Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum K.U. Leuven, Campus Kortenberg en hoofddocent aan de Faculteit Bewegings- en Revalidatiewetenschappen van de K.U. Leuven.

dr. j. vanderlinden is als psycholoog-systeemtherapeut verbonden aan de dienst eetstoornissen van het Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum K.U. Leuven, Campus Kortenberg en als academisch consulent aan de Faculteit Psychologie (afdeling Psychopathologie en Psychodiagnostiek) van de K.U. Leuven.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Slagmolen, C., Kamphuis, J.H., Wigboldus, D. et al. De invloed van positieve en negatieve feedback op het zelfvertrouwen van cliënten met een eetstoornis. DITH 29, 212–226 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03087862

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03087862

Search

Navigation