Samenvatting
Na blootstelling aan een mogelijk traumatiserende ervaring, ontwikkelen sommige mensen symptomen van traumatische stress en anderen niet, of in veel mindere mate. Het is van theoretisch en van klinisch belang om te weten welke factoren het optreden van posttraumatische problemen voorspellen. In ten minste acht onafhankelijke predictorenstudies werd gevonden dat zenuwachtig-achtige mensen al veel ‘post’traumatische problemen hadden vóór het trauma. De toename van problemen na een trauma kan vergelijkbaar zijn bij hoog- en laag-zenuwachtig-achtige mensen, maar de eerste groep kan best begonnen zijn vanaf een hoger baseline niveau. Deze twee verklaringen van de voorspellende waarde van zenuwachtig-achtigheid werden kritisch getest in een prospectieve studie onder 63 zwangere vrouwen. Zij werden gemeten op ptss-achtige klachten en neuroticisme; vervolgens hadden zij een miskraam. De resultaten waren overduidelijk: 1 Na een miskraam trad een scherpe toename van ptss-gerelateerde symptomen op. 2 Na een miskraam hadden hoog-zenuwachtig-achtige vrouwen significant meer klachten dan laag-zenuwachtig-achtige vrouwen. 3 Maar voorafgaand aan een miskraam hadden hoog-zenuwachtig-achtige vrouwen ook meer ptss-gerelateerde symptomen. 4 De toename in klachten was identiek in de hoog- en de laag-zenuwachtig-achtige groepen. Dit impliceert in hoge mate dat de voorspellende waarde van zenuwachtig-achtigheid in feite de ernst van klachten bij baseline weerspiegelt en dat hoge zenuwachtig-achtigheid niet predisponeert tot het ontwikkelen van meer klachten. Theoretische en klinische aspecten worden besproken.
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Abstract
After exposure to a potentially traumatic event, some people develop symptoms of post-traumatic stress while other people do not, or to a substantially lesser degree. Knowing what factors predict the occurrence of post-traumatic problems is both theoretically and clinically important. In at least eight independent predictor studies it was found that neurotic people were already having many of the ‘post’-traumatic problems before the trauma. The increase in problems after trauma may be comparable in high and low neuroticistic people, but the former group may have started from a higher baseline level. These two explanations of the predictive power of neuroticism were critically tested in a prospective study of 63 pregnant women who were tested for ptsd-like complaints and neuroticism and who suffered a miscarriage. The results were straightforward. 1 After miscarriage, there was a sharp increase in ptsd related symptoms. 2 After miscarriage, high neuroticistic women had significantly more complaints than low neuroticistic women. 3 Before miscarriage however, high neuroticistic women also had more ptsd related complaints. 4 The increase in complaints was identical for the high and low neurocism groups. This strongly suggests that the predictive power of neuroticism reflects a base-line/severity issue and that high neuroticism does not predispose to develop more problems. Theoretical and clinical aspects are discussed.
Prof. dr. M.A. van den Hout, drs. I.M. Engelhard en dr. M. Kindt zijn verbonden aan het Departement Medische, Klinische & Experimentele Psychologie van de Universiteit Maastricht,
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van den Hout, M., Engelhard, I. & Kindt, M. Zwangerschapsverlies, zenuwachtig-achtigheid en posttraumatische stress-problemen. DITH 21, 1–6 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03060247
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03060247