Abstract
Purpose
Controlling the cerebral and systemic hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation may play a role in determining clinical outcome in pediatric neurosurgical patients. This study compared the effects of remifentanil and fentanyl on cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and hemodynamic profile during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in children under sevoflurane anesthesia.
Methods
Sixty healthy children aged two to six years undergoing dental surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled. Each child was randomly assigned to receive a remifentanil or fentanyl infusion, at a rate of 0.75, 1.0, or 1.5 μg·kg−1·min−1 after induction of anesthesia with 2% sevoflurane. Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity was measured by transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography Once a baseline set of hemodynamic variables and TCD measurements were recorded, the opioid infusion was started. Measurements were taken at two-minute intervals, starting four minutes prior to laryngoscopy until four minutes following naso-tracheal intubation.
Results
Remifentanil caused a more significant decrease in mean arterial pressure and CBFV prior to tracheal intubation than did fentanyl (P < 0.001). During laryngoscopy and for two minutes following tracheal intubation, CBFV increased in all remifentanil groups (P < 0.05), whereas it remained stable in all fentanyl groups.
Conclusion
This study suggests that fentanyl was more effective than remifentanil at preventing increases in CBFV during and immediately following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in children undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia. Fentanyl also seemed to provide a more stable hemodynamic profile prior to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation when compared to remifentanil.
Résumé
Objectif
Le contrôle des réponses hémodynamiques cérébrale et générale à la laryngoscope et à l’intubation trachéale peut influencer de façon déterminante l’évolution clinique des enfants de neurochirurgie. La présente étude a comparé les effets du rémifentanil et du fentanyl sur la vitesse du flux sanguin cérébral (VFSC) et sur le profil hémodynamique pendant la laryngoscopie et l’intubation trachéale chez des enfants soumis à une anesthésie au sévoflurane.
Méthode
Soixante enfants en bonne santé devant subir une intervention dentaire sous anesthésie générale ont été choisis pour l’étude. Chaque enfant a été assigné au hasard pour recevoir une perfusion de rémifentanil ou de fentanyl selon une vitesse de 0,75, 1,0 ou 1,5 μg·kg−1·min−1, après l’induction de l’anesthésie avec du sévoflurane à 2 %. La vitesse circulatoire de l’artère cérébrale moyenne a été mesurée par Doppler transcrânien (DTC). La perfusion a commencé après la réalisation des mesures de base des variables hémodynamiques et du DTC. Les mesures ont été prises aux deux minutes, en commençant quatre minutes avant la laryngoscopie jusqu’à quatre minutes après l’intubation nasotrachéale.
Résultats
Avant l’intubation trachéale, le rémifentanil, comparé au fentanyl, a causé une baisse plus importante de la pression de l’artère moyenne et de la VFSC (P < 0,001). Pendant la laryngoscopie et pendant deux minutes après l’intubation trachéale, la VFSC a augmenté avec le rémifentanil (P < 0,05) alors qu’elle est demeurée stable avec le fentanyl.
Conclusion
Cette étude montre que le fentanyl a été plus efficace que le rémifentanil à prévenir des hausses de la VFSC pendant et immédiatement après la laryngoscopie et l’intubation trachéale chez des enfants sous anesthésie avec du sévoflurane. Le fentanyl, comparativement au rémifentanil, semble fournir aussi un profil hémodynamique plus stable avant la laryngoscopie et l’intubation trachéale.
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Abdallah, C., Karsli, C. & Bissonnette, B. Fentanyl is more effective than remifentanil at preventing increases in cerebral blood flow velocity during intubation in children. Can J Anesth 49, 1070–1075 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03017905
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03017905