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Messelogale, eine neue Raubtiergattung aus dem Mitteleozän von Messel (Deutschland)

Messelogale, a new carnivoran genus from the Middle Eocene of Messel (Germany)

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Abstract

Another juvenile specimen of the small carnivoranMiacis?kessleri Springhorn 1982 from the lower Middle Eocene oilshales (MP 11) of Messel near Darmstadt (South Hesse, Germany) is described. The nearly complete skeleton displays characteristics in dentition, skull, and limbs showing additional anatomical details and suggesting a taxonomic revision. Especially the assumption that there exist two molars only in the lower and upper jaw, as well as the trenchant talonid of the lower carnassial contradict the allocation to the genusMiacis. The species consequently is assigned to a new genusMesselogale. The higher taxonomic status of miacids in relation to the system of Carnivora is discussed.Messelogale kessleri shows basicranial characters, which indicate a classification within the Caniformia. On the other hand the loss of M3 suggests a relationship to the Feliformia. The species has an almost completely reduced (cf. holotype) or moderately well-developed dP3-Parastyl (this specimen), but it is not as enlarged as in primitive Feliformia, nor as reduced as in some Caniformia. Moreover, a calcaneal fibular facet cannot be excluded. Both attributes are representing the primitive morphology of the species. That does not ally the species with the Feliformia, but makes it, according toFlynn & Galiano (1982), a very primitive Caniformia.

Kurzfassung

Es wird ein weiteres juveniles Individuum des kleinen RaubtieresMiacis? kessleri Springhorn 1982 aus den untermitteleozänen Ölschiefern (MP 11) der Grube Messel bei Darmstadt (Süd-Hessen, Deutschland) beschrieben. Das nahezu vollständige Skelett zeigt Merkmale der Bezahnung, des Schädels und des Bewegungsapparates, die die bisherigen Erkenntnisse erweitern und eine taxonomische Revision erlauben.

Insbesondere die mutmaßliche Existenz von nur zwei Molaren im Unter- und Oberkiefer und das schneidende Talonid des unteren Reißzahns widerlegen die Zugehörigkeit zur GattungMiacis. Die Spezies wird deshalb der neuen GattungMesselogale zugewiesen. Der übergeordnete taxonomische Status der Miaciden im System der Carnivora wird diskutiert.Messelogale kessleri besitzt ein Hinterhaupt mit Merkmalen, die eine Zugehörigkeit zu den Caniformia anzeigen. Andererseits legt der Verlust der M3 eine Verwandtschaft mit den Feliformia nahe. Die Spezies hat ein beinahe vollständig reduziertes (cf. Holotypus) bis mäßig gut entwickeltes (vorliegendes Individuum) dP3- Parastyl, das indessen nicht so kräftig entwickelt ist wie bei primitiven Feliformia; andererseits ist es nicht so stark reduziert wie bei einigen Caniformia. Desweiteren kann eine calcaneofibulare Artikulation nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Beide Merkmale werden als Zeichen der Ursprünglichkeit der Spezies gewertet. Sie wird nicht den Feliformia zugeordnet, sondern in Anlehnung anFlynn &Galiano (1982) als sehr primitiver Caniformia angesehen.

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Springhorn, R. Messelogale, eine neue Raubtiergattung aus dem Mitteleozän von Messel (Deutschland). Paläont. Z. 74, 425–439 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02988110

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