Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Phylogenetic relationships of LebachacanthidaeSoler-Gijón 1997 (Xenacanthiformes; Elasmobranchii)

  • Published:
PalZ Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Kurzfassung

Die Familie Lebachacanthidae war für„Orthacanthus“ senkenbergianus, einen Xenacanthiformen aus dem unteren Perm von Lebach (Deutschland), aufgestellt worden. Die Gültigkeit der Familie ist in Frage gestellt worden, und die TypartLebachacanthus senkenbergianus wurde in die GattungOrthacanthus Agassiz 1843, UntergattungLebachacanthus Soler-Gijón 1997 eingegliedert. Argumente gegen ein solches Vorgehen werden hier vorgelegt. Eine neue phylogenetische Analyse wird durchgeführt, um die Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Lebachacanthidae zu den übrigen Xenacanthiformen zu untersuchen.Hagenoselache, ein vor kurzem beschriebener Xenacanthiforme aus dem Namur Deutschlands, und neue Daten zur Zahnhistologie werden in die Verwandschaftsanalyse einbezogen. Die neue Verwandtschaftanalyse bestätigt die Lebachacanthidae als eigenständige Familie der Xenacanthiformes. Die Lebachacanthidae sind die Schwestergruppe der Xenacanthidae, zu der der echteOrthacanthus gehört.Hagenoselache ist weiter abgeleitet alsDiplodoselache (der primitivste Xenacanthiforme) und stellt die Schwestergruppe der Lebachacanthidae und Xenacanthidae dar. Die phylogenetische Stellung der Lebachacanthidae stimmt mit der Vorstellung des Wirkens von heterochronen Prozessen in der Evolution der xenacanthiden Haie überein. Heterochronie (peramorpher Typ) kann die morphologische Entwicklungsreihe des Dorsalstachels von basalen Xenacanthiformen (Diplodoselachidae) über die Lebachacanthidae zu den fortschrittlichen Xenacanthidae (diese umfassen die GattungenOrthacanthus, Xenacanthus, Triodus undPlicatodus) erklären.

Abstract

The family Lebachacanthidae was erected for“Orthacanthus” senkenbergianus, a xenacanthiform from the Lower Permian of Lebach (Germany). Recently, the validity of the family has been questioned and the type species,Lebachacanthus senkenbergianus, has been included in the genusOrthacanthus Agassiz 1843, subgenusLebachacanthus Soler-Gijón 1997. Arguments against such changes are presented here. Anew phylogenetic analysis is performed in order to determine the relationships of Lebachacanthidae with the rest of xenacanthiforms.Hagenoselache, a xenacanthiform recently described from the Namurian of Germany, is included in the phylogenetic analysis together with new data on tooth histology. The new phylogenetic analysis confirms Lebachacanthidae as a distinct family within Xenacanthiformes. Lebachacanthidae is the sister group of Xenacanthidae which includes trueOrthacanthus. Hagenoselache is more derived thanDiplodoselache (the most primitive xenacanthiform) and is the sister group of the clade formed by Lebachacanthidae and Xenacanthidae. The phylogenetic position of Lebachacanthidae is consistent with the idea of heterochronic processes in the evolution of the xenacanth sharks. Heterochrony (peramorphic type) can explain morphological clines in dorsal spine morphology from basal xenacanthiforms (Diplodoselachidae) through Lebachacanthidae to the derived Xenacanthidae (comprisingOrthacanthus, Xenacanthus, Triodus andPlicatodus).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bendix-Almgreen, S.E. 1975. The paired fins and shoulder girdle inCladoselache, their morphology and phyletic significance. - [In:]Lehman, J.P. [ed.] Problèmes actuales de paléontologie: evolution des Vertébrés. - Colloques internationaux du Centre national de la Recherche scientifique218: 111–123, Paris.

  • Broili, F. 1904. ÜberDiacranodus texensis Cope. - Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen29: 467–484, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coates, M.I. &Sequeira, S.E.K. 1998. The braincase of a primitive shark. - Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences89: 63–85, Edinburgh.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, J.W. 1892. On the Fossil Fish-Remains of the Coal Measures of the British Islands. - The Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society4 (2): 703–748, Dublin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dean, B. 1909. Studies on fossil fishes (sharks, chimaeroids, and arthrodires). - Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History9: 211–287, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dick, J.R.F. 1981.Diplodoselache woodi gen. et sp. nov., an early Carboniferous shark from the Midland Valley of Scotland. - Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences72: 99–113, Edinburgh.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donelan, C. &Johnson, G.D. 1997.Orthacanthus platypternus (Chondrichthyes: Xenacanthida) occipital spines from the Lower Permian Craddock bonebed, Baylor County, Texas. - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology17 (3): 43A, Lawrence/Ks.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fritsch, A. 1889. Fauna der Gaskohle und der Kalksteine der Permformation Böhmens. -2: 114 pp., Prague (Fr. Rivnác).

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1895. Fauna der Gaskohle und der Kalksteine der Permformation Böhmens. -3: 132 pp., Prague (Fr. Rivnác).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaudin, T.J. 1991. A re-examination of elasmobranch monophyly and chondrichthyan phylogeny. - Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen182: 133–160, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hampe, O. 1988a. Über die Bezahnung desOrthacanthus (Chondrichthyes: Xenacanthida; Oberkarbon-Unterperm). -Paläontologische Zeitschrift62 (3/4): 285–296, Stuttgart.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • — 1988b. Über die Bezahnung desXenacanthus (Chondrichthyes: Xenacanthida; Unterperm, SW-Deutschland). - Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte1988: 743–756, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1989. Revision derTriodus-Arten (Chondrichthyes: Xenacanthida) aus dem saarpfälzischen Rotliegend (Oberkarbon-Perm, SW-Deutschland) aufgrund ihrer Bezahnung. - Paläontologische Zeitschrift63: 79–101, Stuttgart.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • — 1991. Histologische Untersuchungen an fossilen Zähnen der Haifisch-Ordnung Xenacanthida (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) mit Hilfe der Fluoreszenzmikroskopie. - Leica, Mitteilungen für Wissenschaft und Technik10 (1): 17–27, Wetzlar.

    Google Scholar 

  • - 1993. Variation of xenacanthid teeth in the Permo-Carboniferous deposits of the Saar-Nahe Basin (SW-Germany). - [In:]Heidtke, U. [ed.] New Research on PermoCarboniferous Faunas. - POLLICHIA-Buch29: 37–51, Bad Dürkheim.

  • — 1994. Neue Erkenntnisse zur permokarbonischen Xenacanthiden-Fauna (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) und deren Verbreitung im südwestdeutschen Saar-Nahe-Bekken. - Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen192: 53–87, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1995.Plicatodus jordani n. g., n. sp., a new xenacanthid shark from the Lower Permian of Europe (Saar-Nahe Basin, Germany). - Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, (4)17 (1-4): 109–226, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hampe, O. &Heidtke, U.H.J. 1997.Hagenoselache sippeli n. gen. n. sp., ein früher xenacanthider Elasmobranchier aus dem Oberkarbon (Namurian B) von Hagen-Vorhalle (NW- Sauerland/Deutschland). - Geologie und Paläontologie in Westfalen47: 5–42, Münster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hampe, O. &Long, J.A. 1999. The histology of Middle Devonian chondrichthyan teeth from southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. - Records of the Western Australian Museum, supplement57: 23–36, Perth/W.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, J.E. 1951.Diademodus hydei, a new fossil shark from the Cleveland Shale. - Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London120: 683–697, London.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heidtke, U.H.J. 1982. Der XenacanthideOrthacanthus senckenbergianus aus dem pfälzischen Rotliegenden (Unter-Perm).- Mitteilungen der POLLICHIA70: 65–86, Bad Dürkheim.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1998. Revision der GattungOrthacanthus Agassiz 1843 (Chondrichthyes: Xenacanthida). -Paläontologische Zeitschrift72 (1/2): 135–147, Stuttgart.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heyler, D. &Poplin, C. 1989. Systematics and relationship among the Xenacanthiformes (Pisces, Chondrichthyes) in the light of Carboniferous and Permian French material. - Acta Musei Reginaehradecensis, Serie A: Scientiae Naturales22: 69–78, Hradec Králové.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, G.D. 1979. Early Permian vertebrates from Texas: Actinopterygii (Schaefferichthys), Chondrichthyes (including North American Pennsylvanian and Triassic Xenacanthodii), and Acanthodii. - Ph. D. dissertation, Southern Methodist University: 653 pp. [unpublished].

  • — 1995. DoesXenacanthus (Chondrichthyes: Xenacanthiformes) occur in the Upper Paleozoic of North America? - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology15 (3): 38A, Lawrence/ Kansas.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1996. Vertebrate microfossils from the Lueders Formation, Albany Group, and the faunal transition from the Wichita Group into the Clear Fork Group, Lower Permian of Texas. - Modern Geology20: 371–382, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1999. Dentitions of Late PalaeozoicOrthacanthus species and new species of ?Xenacanthus (Chondrichthyes: Xenacanthiformes) from North America. -Acta Geologica Polonica49 (3): 215–266, Warsaw.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klausewitz, W. 1986. Redescription ofOrthacanthus senckenbergianus Fritsch. - [In:]Uyeno, T.;Arai, R.;Taniuchi, T. &Matsuura, K. [eds.] Proceedings of the Second International Conference of Indo-Pacific Fishes: 125–132, Tokyo (Ichthyological Society of Japan).

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1987. Der “senckenbergische Urdornhai”Orthacanthus senckenbergianus. - Natur und Museum117 (5): 135–142, Frankfurt/M.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lund, R. 1974.Stethacanthus altonensis (Elasmobranchii) from the Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana. - Annals of the Carnegie Museum45 (8): 161–178, Pittsburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1984. On the spines of the Stethacanthidae (Chondrichthyes), with a description of a new genus from the Mississipian Bear Gulch limestone. - Géobios17 (3): 281–297, Lyon.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • — 1985. Stethacanthid elasmobranch remains from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Namurian E2b) of Montana. -American Museum Novitates2828: 1–24, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maisey, J.G. 1975. The interrelationships of phalacanthous selachians. - Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte1975: 553–567, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1977. Structural notes on a cladoselachian dorsal spine. - Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte1977: 47–55, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1984. Chondrichthyan phylogeny: a look at the evidence. - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology4: 359–371, Lawrence/ Ks.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poplin, C. &Heyler, D. 1989. Evolution et phylogénie des Xenacanthiformes (= Pleuracanthiformes) (Pisces, Chondrichthyes). - Annales de Paléontologie (Vert.-Invert.)75 (4): 187–222, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaeffer, B. 1981. The xenacanth shark neurocranium, with comments on elasmobranch monophyly. - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History169 (1): 1–66, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, J.W. 1996. Xenacanth teeth - A key for taxonomy and biostratigraphy. - Modern Geology20: 321–340, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, J.W. &Zajíc, J. 1994. Xenacanthiden (Pisces, Chondrichthyes) des mitteleuropäischen Oberkarbon und Perm - Revision der Originale zu Goldfuss 1847, Beyrich 1848, Kner 1867 und Fritsch 1879–1890. - Freiberger Forschungshefte, (C)452: 101–151, Leipzig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soler-Gijón, R. 1993. Estudio de los Vertebrados fósiles del Carbonífero Superior de Puertollano, Ciudad Real. - Ph. D. thesis, Universidad Complutense de Madrid: 293 pp., Madrid, [unpublished].

  • - 1994. Los Vertebrados de la cuenca carbonífera de Puertollano. - [In:] Fernàndez López, S. [ed.] Resúmenes de las X Jornadas de Paleontología, Excursión A: 212–220, Madrid.

  • - 1995. Evidence of predator-prey relationship in xenacanth sharks of the Upper Carboniferous (Stephanian C) from Puertollano, Spain. - [In:]Lelievre, H.; Wenz, S; Blieck, A. & Cloutier, R. [eds.] Premiers Vertébrés et Vertébrés inférieurs. -Géobios, Mémoire Spécial19: 151–156, Lyon.

  • — 1997a.Orthacanthus meridionalis, a new xenacanth shark (Elasmobranchii) from the Upper Carboniferous of the Puertollano basin, Spain. - Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen204: 141–169, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1997b. New discoveries of xenacanth sharks from the Late Carboniferous of Spain (Puertollano Basin) and Early Permian of Germany (Saar-Nahe Basin): Implications for the phylogeny of xenacanthiform and anacanthous sharks. - Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen205: 1–31, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1998. Heterochrony and the evolution of xenacanth sharks. - Ichthyolith Issues, Special Publication4: 46–47, Warsaw.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1999. Occipital spine ofOrthacanthus (Xenacanthidae, Elasmobranchii): structure and growth.- Journal of Morphology242: 1–45, New York.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soler-Gijón, R. &Hampe, O. 1998. Evidence ofTriodus Jordan 1849 (Elasmobranchii: Xenacanthidae) in the Lower Permian of the Autun basin (Muse, France). - Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte1998 (6): 335–348, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swofford, D. 1993. PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony, Version 3.1. Computer program distributed by the Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois.

  • Williams, M.E. 1985. The “cladodont level” sharks of the Pennsylvanian black shales of central North America. -Palaeontographica, (A)190: 83–158, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zangerl, R. 1973. Interrelationship of early chondrichthyans. - [In:]Greenwood, P.H.; Miles, R.S. & Patterson, C. [eds.] Interrelationship of fishes. - Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, supplement1: 1–14, London.

  • - 1981. Chondrichthyes I. Paleozoic Elasmobranchiiu. - [In:]Schultze, H.-P. [ed.] Handbook of Paleoichthyology. - 3A: 115 pp., Stuttgart (G. Fischer).

  • — 1984. On the microscopic anatomy and possible function of the spine-“brush” complex ofStethacanthus (Elasmobranchii, Symmorida). - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology4 (3): 372–378, Tulsa/Okl.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zidek, J. 1978. New chondrichthyan spines from the Late Paleozoic of Oklahoma. - Journal of Paleontology52 (5): 1070–1078, Lawrence/Ks.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1992. Late Pennsylvanian Chondrichthyes, Acanthodii, and deep-bodied Actinopterygii from the Kinney Quarry, Manzanita Mountains, New Mexico. - New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Bulletin138: 145–182, Socorro.

    Google Scholar 

  • - 1993a. Xenacanth genera: How many and how to tell them apart? - [In:]Heidtke, U.H.J. [ed.] New Research on Permo-Carboniferous Faunas. -POLLICHIA-Buch29: 23–35, Bad Dürkheim.

  • - 1993b. JuvenileOrthacanthus platypternus (Cope 1883) (Elasmobranchii: Xenacanthiformes) from the Upper Carboniferous near Hamilton, Kansas, U.S.A. - [In:]Heidtke, U.H.J. [ed.] New Research on Permo-Carboniferous Faunas. - POLLICHIA-Buch29: 53–65, Bad Dürkheim.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Museum für Naturkunde, Institut für Paläontologie, Invalidenstr. 43, D-10115, Berlin, Germany

    Rodrigo Soler-Gijón

Authors
  1. Rodrigo Soler-Gijón
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rodrigo Soler-Gijón.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Soler-Gijón, R. Phylogenetic relationships of LebachacanthidaeSoler-Gijón 1997 (Xenacanthiformes; Elasmobranchii). Paläont. Z. 74, 363–377 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02988107

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02988107

Keywords

Search

Navigation