Abstract
Methanol extract (MeOH),n-hexane (Hx), chloroform (CHCI3), ethyl acetate (EA), butanol (BuOH) and aqueous (H20) fractions of Eucommiae Cortex including geniposidic acid (GA), geniposide (GP) and aucubin (AU) were tested for their therapeutic efficacy on osteoporosis. The contents of GA, GP and AU in the cortex and leaf ofEucommia ulmoides Oliver were quantified by HPLC. The effect of Eucommiae Cortex on the induction of growth hormone (GH) release was studied by using rat pituitary cells. The proliferation of osteoblast-like cells increased by herbal extracts was assayed using a tetrazolium (MTT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and [3H]-proline incorporation assays. The inhibition of osteoclast was studied by using the coculture of mouse bone marrow cells and ST-2 cells. As a result, the GA, GP and AU were present in the cortex more than in the leaf ofE. ulmoides Oliver. The MeOH (1 mg/mL), Hx, CHCI3 and EA fractions (each 20 μg/mL) had potent induction of GH release. The CHCI3 exhibited the potent proliferation of osteoblasts. The AU, GP and GA were increased proliferation of osteoblasts. In addition, GA (IC50: 4.43x10-7 M), AU and GP were significantly inhibited proliferation of osteoclast. In summary, it is thought that the components in a part of the fractions of Eucommiae Cortex participate in each step of mechanism for activating osteoblast to facilitate osteogenesis, and suppress osteoclast activity to inhibit osteolysis.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Au, C., Yang, C. P., Luang, C. J., and Leu, H. J. The diuretic and cardiovascula effects of cortex eucommiae.Bull Taipei. Med. Coll., (1986).
Canalis, E., Effect of growth factors on bone cell replication and differentiation.Clin. Orthop. Related Res., 193, 246–263 (1985).
Canalis, E., The hormonal and local regulation of bone formation.Endocr. Rev., 4, 62 (1983).
Canalis, E., McCarthy, T., and Centrella, M. The regulation of bone formation by local growth factors.J. Bone Miner. Res., 6, 27 (1989).
Carmichael, J., DeGraff, W. G., Gazdar, A. F., Minna, J. D., and Mitchell, J. B. Evaluation of a tetrazolium-based semiautomated colorimetric assay assessment of chemosensitivity testing.Cancer Res., 47, 936–942 (1987).
Chang, I. M., Liver-protective activities of aucubin derived from traditional oriental medicine.Res. Comm. Mol. Pathol. Pharmacol., 102, 189–204 (1998).
Cheng, K., Chan, W. W. S., Barreto, A., Convey, E. M., and Smith, R. G. The synergistic effects of His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 on GH-releasing factor-stimulated GH release and intracellular adenosine 3,4-monophosphate accumulation in rat primary pituitary cell culture.Endocrinology, 124, 2791–2798 (1989).
Cheng, K., Chan, W. W.-S., Butler B., Barreto, A. JR., and Smith, R. G., Evidence for a role of protein kinase-C in His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2-induced growth hormone release from rat primary pituitary cells.Endocrinology, 129, 3337–3342 (1991).
Chien, T. H., Pharmacological action of Eucommia Ulmoides.JPn. J. Pharmacol., 6, 122–137 (1957).
Dempster, D. W. and Lindsay, R., Pathogenesis of osteoporosis.Lancet, 34, 797–801 (1993).
Finkenstedt, G., Gasser, R. W., Hfle, G., Watfah, C., and Fridrich, L., Effects of growth hormone replacement on bone metabolism and mineral density in adult onset of GH deficiency: results of a double-blind placebo-controlled study with open follow-up.Eur. J. Endocrinol., 136, 282–289 (1997).
Higashi, Y., Takenaka, A., Takahashi, S. I., and Noguchi, T., Effects of protein restriction on messenger RNA contents of bone-matrix proteins, insulin-like growth factors and insulinlike growth factor binding proteins in femur of ovariectomized rats.Brit. J. Nutrition, 75, 811–823 (1996).
Hong, N. D., Rho, Y. S., Kim, J. W., Won, D. H., Kim, N. J., and Cho, S. B., Studies on the general pharmacological activities ofEucommia ulmoides Oliver.6Kor. J. Pharmacogn., 19, 102–110 (1988).
Hsu, H. Y., Yan, J. J., Lin, S. Y., and Lin, C. C., Comparisons of Geniposidic acid and Geniposide on antitumor and radio-protection after sublethal irradiation.Cancer letters, 113, 31–37 (1997).
Incidence and costs to Medicare of fractures among Medicare beneficiaries ≥65 years-United States, July 1991-June 1992., 1996. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 45, 877.
Jimi, E., Nakamura, I., Amano, H., Taguchi, Y., Tsurukai, T., Tamura, M., Takahashi, N., and Suda, T., Osteoclast function is activated by osteoblastic cells through a mechanism involving cell-to-cell contact.Endocrinology, 137, 2187–2190 (1996).
Johansson, J.-O., Oscarsson, J., Bjamason, R., and Bengtsson, B. -Å., Two weeks of daily injections and continuous infusion of recombinant human growth hormone in GH-deficient adults: I. effects on insulin-like growth factor-l, GH and IGF binding proteins, and glucose homeostasis.Metabolism, 45, 362–369 (1996).
Kassem, M., Mosekilde, L., and Eriksen, E. F., 1,25-Dihydroxy-vitamin D3 potentiates fluoride-stimulated collagen type I production in cultures of human bone marrow stromal osteoblast-like cells.J. Bone Miner. Res., 8, 1453–1458 (1993).
Kin, K. C. and Ting, K. S., Drugs for the treatment of hypertention II. Toxicity and experimental theraphy of Eucommia alimonied.Anta Physical. Sin., 20, 247–254 (1956).
Li, Y., Kamo, S., Metori, K., Koike, K., Che, Q. M., and Takhashi, S., The promoting effects of Eucommiol from Eucommiae Cortex on Collagen Synthesis.Bio. Pharm. Bull., 23, 54–59 (2000).
Li, Y., Metori, K., Koike, K., Che, Q. M., and Takahashi, S., Improvement in the turnover rate of the stratum corneum in false aged model rats by the administration of geniposidic acid in Eucommia ulmoides Oliver Leaf.Bio. Pharm. Bull., 22, 582–585 (1999).
Li, Y., Sato, T., Metori, K., Koike, K., Che, Q. M., and Takhashi, S., The promoting effects of geniposidic acid and aucubin in Eucommia ulmoides Oliver Leaves on Collagen Synthesis.Bio. Pharm. Bull., 21, 1306–1310 (1998).
Noriyoshi, K., Seichi, I., Mamoru, K., Yoshiyuki, H., Katsumi, I., and Masyoshi, K., Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell.Endocrinology, 118, 246 (1986).
Oh, H. S., Kim, H. C., Lee, S. I., and Ahn, D. K., Effects of Eucommiae cortex and folium on the ovariectomized rat as the model of postmenopausal osteoporosis.J. Herbology 10, 59–68 (1995).
de Oritz Uribina, A. V., Martin, M. L., Fernandez B., San Roman, L., and Cubillo, L,In vitro antispasmodic activity of peracetylated penstemonoside.Planta Medica, 60, 512–515 (1994).
Raab, W. P., Diagnostic value of urinary enzyme determinations.Clin.Chem., 18, 5–25 (1972).
Rosner, B., Fundamentals of biostatistics, PWS-Kent Co., Boston, MA, U.S.A., (1990).
Ryan, R. J., Evans, P., Gibson, T., and Fogelman, I., Osteoporosis and chronic back pain: A study with single-photon emission computed tomography bone scintigraphy.J. Bone Miner. Res., 7, 1455–1460 (1992).
Shioi, A., Ross, F. P., and Teitelbaum, S. L., Enrichment of generated murine osteoclasts.Calcif. Tissue Int., 55, 387–394 (1994).
Spencer, H., Rubio, N., Rubio, E., Indreika, M., and Seitam, A., Chronic alcoholism: Frequently overlooked cause of osteoporosis in men.Am. J. Med., 80, 393–397 (1986).
Stein, G. S. and Lian, J. B., Molecular mechanisms mediating proliferation/differentiation interrelationships during progressive development of the osteoblast phenotype.Endocr. Rev., 14, 424–442 (1995).
Thomas, L., Carthy, M. C., Centrella, M., and Canalis, E., Regulatory effects of insulin-like growth factors I and II on bone collagen synthesis in rat calvarial cultures.Endocrinology, 124, 301 (1989).
Xu, S. L., Zeng, Q. Z., Huang, W. G., and Yin, Q., Effects of Duzhong on plasma cAMP and cGMP levels in mice.Chin. Trad. Herbal Drugs, 17, 204 (1986).
Yoon, H. K., Woo, J. T., Kim, J. W., Kim, Y. S., Kim, K. W., Choi, Y. K., and Seo, K. S., Response of osteddastic cell line MC3T3-E1 cell to the triiodothyronine.Kor. J. Internal Med., 44, 49–57 (1993).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ha, H., Ho, J., Shin, S. et al. Effects of eucommiae cortex on osteoblast-like cell proliferation and osteoclast inhibition. Arch Pharm Res 26, 929–936 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980202
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980202