Abstract
The lack of a systematic approach to the management of expertise represents a major difficulty for knowledge engineers. In this paper, we present a framework for assessing knowledge-based expert systems. We show by examples how this framework may be used to guide the development of these systems. Finally, we discuss the implications of this work and suggest areas of interest for future research.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hayes-Roth, F., Waterman, D. A. and Lenat, D. B., Building Expert Systems. Addison-Wesley, 1983.
Duda, R., Hart, P. E. and Nilsson, N. J., Subjective Bayesian Methods for Rule-based Inference Systems. Proc. 1976 National Computer Conference (AFIPS),45 (1976), 1075–1082.
Shortliffe, E. H. and Buchanan, B. G., A model of inexact reasoning in medicine.Math. Biosci.,23 (1975), 351–379.
Shafer, G., A Mathematical Theory of Evidence. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N. J, 1976.
Bundy, A., Incidence calculus: a mechanism for probabilistic reasoning.Journal of Automated Reasoning,1 (1985), 263–284, D. Reidel Publishing Company.
Quinlan, J. R., Inferno: a cautious approach to uncertain inference.The Computer Journal,26 (1983), 255–269, Wiley Heyden Ltd.
Nilsson, N. J., Probabilistic logic.Artificial Intelligence,28 (1986), 71–87, North-Holland.
Liu, X., Probability-Related Treatment of Uncertainty in Knowledge-based Systems. Ph. D Thesis, Dept. of Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, 1988.
Mamdani, Abe, Efstathiou, J. and Pang, D., Inference Under Uncertainty. Proc. of the British Expert System Conference in 1985, 181–193, 1985, Dec.
Gammerman, A. and Creaney, N., Modelling of Uncertainty in Expert Systems. Proc. of 2nd International Expert Systems Conference, 265–272, Learned Information, Oxford, New Jersey, 1986.
Reiter, R., A theory of diagnosis from first principles.Artificial Intelligence,32 (1987), 57–95, North-Holland
Kleer, J. de and Williams, B. C., Diagnosing multiple faults.Artificial Intelligence,32 (1987), 97–130, North-Holland.
Liu, X., Diagnostic reasoning as an integration of model-based and experience-based reasoning. IEE Colloquium on Expert Systems for Fault Diagnosis in Engineering Problems, London, 1989.
Liu, X., Hypotheses testing by fundamental knowledge. To appear in the International Journal of Man-Machine Studies.
Liu, G. S., Causal and Plausible Reasoning in Expert Systems. Proc. of the 5th National Conference on AI, 220–225, 1986.
Buchanan, B.G. and Duda, R.O., Principies of Rule-Based Expert Systems. Advances in Computers edited by M.C. Yovits,22 (1983), 164–217, Academic Press.
Liu, X., Lynch, M., Mohseni, S., and Wiegand, M.. Certainty of a Share Price Rising. M. sc Project. Department of Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, 1985.
Liu, X. and Gammerman, A., TBKS: A Tool that Captures Expertise. Proc. of the Third International Symposium on Knowledge Engineering, Madrid, 1988.
Liu, X., Applying the Fuzzy Reasoning Tool (FRT) to the Two-Coupled Tanks. Technical Report for ESPRIT Project 820, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, 1988.
Liu, X., Bridging the Gap bewteen AI and Engineering. Invited talk presented at the Workshop on AI and Engineering, University of Durham, England, 1989.
Liu, X., Zhang, G. and Luo, Z., A Methodological Approach to Visual Reasoning. Proc. of the International Workshop on Industrial Applications of Machine Intelligence and Vision (MIV-89), IEEE, Tokyo, 1989.
Duda, R.O., Alternative Forms of Bayes Rule for Diagnosis. Tech. Report, SRI, Project 3805, 1975.
Duda, R.O., Gaschnig, J. and Hart, P. E., Model Design in the Prospector Consultant System for Mineral Exploration. Expert Systems in the Micro Electronic Age, edited by D. Michie, Edinburgh University Press, 1979.
Liu, X. and Gammerman, A., A hybrid approach to deductive uncertain inference.The International Journal of Man-Machine Studies,28 (1988), 671–681.
Dempster, A.P., Upper and lower probabilities induced by a multivalued mapping.Annals Mathematics Statistics,38 (1967), 325–339.
Liu, X., Probabilistic Approaches to Non-Monotonic Reasoning. Proc. of the 19th IEEE International Symposium on Multiple Valued Logics (ISMVL-89), IEEE Computer Society Press, 1989.
Liu, X., Managing Evidential Combinatorial Explosion. Proc. of the Second Scadinavian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Finland, 1989.
Liu, X. and Gammerman, A., On the validity and Applicability of the INFERNO system. Research and Development in Expert Systems, edited by M. A. Bramer; the full abstract also appears inComputer and Information Sciences,35:2 (1987), Cambridge Press.
Dempster, A.P., A generalization of Bayesian inference.J. of the Royal Statistical Society,30 (1968), London.
Reboh, Rene, Knowledge Engineering Techniques and Tools in the PROSPECTOR Environment, Technical Note 243, SRI International, 1981.
Salvini, S. and Gammerman, A., PROTEST: a Prototyping Tool for Knowledge Engineering. Proc. of Medical Informatics Europe, Rome, 1987.
Bonissone, P. P., Coping with Uncertainty in Expert Systems: a Comparative Study. Proc. of the American Control Conference, 1230–1232, San Francisco, 1983.
Cohen, P. R., Heuristic Reasoning about Uncertainty: An Artificial Intelligence Approach. Pitman Advanced Publishing Program, Boston, London, 1985.
Liu, X., A Critical Survey of Strategies for Diagnostic Reasoning. Technical Report for ESPRIT Project 820, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, 1988.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, X. Processing expertise systematically. J. of Comput. Sci. & Technol. 6, 121–134 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02945363
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02945363