Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Gender differences in pay histories and views on pay entitlement among university students

  • Published:
Sex Roles Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. In Berkowitz, L. (ed.),Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 2). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, J. P., & Armstrong, H. (1988).The double ghetto. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Austin, W., & McGinn, N. C. (1977). Sex differences in choice of distribution rules.Journal of Personality, 45, 379–394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beutell, N. I., & Brenner, O. C. (1986). Sex differences in work values.Journal of Vocational Behavior, 28, 29–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blau, F. D., & Ferber, M. A. (1986).The economics of women, men, and work. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boldizar, J. P., Perry, D. G., & Perry, L. C. (1988). Gender and reward distributions: A test of two hypotheses.Sex Roles, 19, 569–579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bylsma, W. H., & Major, B. (1992). Two routes to eliminating gender differences in personal entitlement: Social comparisons and performance evaluation.Psychology of Women Quarterly, 16, 193–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bylsma, W. H., & Major, B. (1994). Social comparisons and contentment: Exploring the psychological costs of the gender wage gap.Psychology of Women Quarterly, 18, 241–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bylsma, W. H., Major, B., & Cozzarelli, B. (1995). The influence of legitimacy appraisals on the determinants of entitlement beliefs.Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 17, 223–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Callahan-Levy, C. M., & Messé, L. A. (1979). Sex differences in the allocation of pay.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 433–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christofides, L. N., & Swindinsky, R. (1994). Wage determination by gender and visible minority status: Evidence from the 1989 LMAS.Canadian Public Policy, 20, 34–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crosby, F. J. (1976). A model of egoistical relative deprivation.Psychological Review, 83, 85–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crosby, F. J. (1982).Relative deprivation and working women. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deaux, K., & Farris, E. (1977). Attributing causes for one’s own performance: The effects of sex, norms and outcome.Journal of Research in Personality, 11, 59–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Desmarais, S., & Curtis, J. (1997). “Gender and perceived pay entitlement: Testing for effects of experience with income.”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 141–151.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes.Human Relations, 7, 117–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gartrell, C. D. (1987). Network approaches to social evaluation.Annual Review of Sociology, 13, 49–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, P. S. (1974). An examination of referents used in the evaluation of pay.Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 12, 170–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberger, E., & Steinberg, L. D. (1983). Sex differences in early labor force experience: Harbinger of things to come.Social Forces, 62, 467–486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, R. D., & O’Leary, V. E. (1985). Sex-determined attributions: In V. E. O’Leary, R. K. Unger, & B. S. Wallston (Eds.).Women, gender and social psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, L. A., Gardner, P. D., & Sullivan, L. A. (1992). Explaining gender differences in self-pay expectations: Social comparison standards and perceptions of fair pay.Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 252–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, A., O’Leary, V. E., Krulewitz, J. E., & Lamm, H. (1980a). Equity and equality: Male and female means to a just end.Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 1, 173–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, A., Nelson, R. E., & Gaeddert, W. P. (1980b). Sex of and sex composition of group as determinants of reward allocation.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 737–750.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kidder, L. H., Belletrie, G., & Cohn, E. S. (1977). Secret ambitions and public performances.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 70–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kruglanski, A. W., & Mayseless, O. (1990). Classic and current social comparison research: Expanding the perspective.Psychological Bulletin, 108, 195–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Labor Canada (1987).Women in the Labor Force. Ottawa, Ontario: Publication Distribution Service, Labor Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenney, E. (1977). Women’s self-confidence in achievement settings.Psychological Bulletin, 84, 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leventhal, G. S., & Lane, D. W. (1970). Sex, age, and equity behavior.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 15, 312–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin-Epstein, N. (1981).Youth employment during highschool. Washington, DC: National Centre for Education Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Major, 1B. (1987). Gender, justice and the psychology of entitlement. In P. Shaver, & C. Hendrick (Eds.),Review of personality and social psychology: Sex and gender (Vol. 7), Newbury Park, Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Major, B. (1989). Gender differences in comparisons and entitlement: Implications for comparable worth.Journal of Social Issues, 45, 99–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Major, B. (1994). From disadvantage to deserving: Comparisons, justifications and the psychology of entitlement. In M. Zanna (Ed.),Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 26), pp. 293–355, San Diego: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Major, B., & Adams, J. B. (1983). The role of gender, interpersonal orientation and self presentation in distributive justice behavior.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 598–608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Major, B., & Deaux, K. (1982). Individual differences in justice behavior. In J. L. Greenberg, & R. L. Cohen (Eds.),Equity and justice in social behavior. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Major, B., & Forcey, B. (1985). Social comparisons and pay evaluations: Preferences for same-sex and same-job wage comparisons.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21, 393–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Major, B., & Konar, J. (1984). An investigation of sex differences in pay expectations and their possible causes.Academy of Management Journal, 27, 777–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Major, B., McFarlin, D., & Gagnon, D. (1984). Overworked and underpaid: On the nature of gender differences in personal entitlement.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1399–1412.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Major, B., & Testa, M. (1989). Social comparison processes and judgments of entitlement and satisfaction.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 101–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marini, M. M. (1989). Sex differences in earnings in the United States.Annual Review of Sociology, 15, 343–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McFarlin, D. B., Frone, M., Major, B., & Konar, E. (1989). Predicting career-entry pay expectations: The role of gender-based comparisons.Journal of Business and Psychology, 3, 331–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Medrich, E. A., Roizen, J. A., Rubin, V., & Buckley, S. (1982).The serious business of growing up. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Messé, L. A., & Watts, 1B. L. (1983). Complex nature of the sense of fairness: Internal standards and social comparison as bases for reward evaluations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 84–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mikula, G. (1974). Nationality, performance, and sex as determinants of reward allocations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 435–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, D. (1990). Discrimination and deprivation: The effects of social comparisons.Social Justice Research, 4, (1), 49–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mortimer, J. T., Finch, M. D., Owens, T. J., & Shanahan, 1M. (1990).Youth and Society, 22(2), 201–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Committee on Pay Equity (1986, April).Newsletter. Washington, DC.

  • Nieva, V. F., & Gutek, B. A. (1981).Women and work: A psychological perspective. New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oldham, G. R., Nottenburg, G., Kassner, M. W., Ferris, G., Fedor, D., & Masters, M. (1982). The selection and consequences of job comparisons.Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 29, 84–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard, R. D. (1969). Equity theory: A review and critique.Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4, 176–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard, R. D., Jorgenson, D., & Dunnette, M. (1972). The effects of perceptions of equity and inequity on worker performance.Journal of Applied Psychology, 50, 75–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reis, H. T., & Jackson, L. A. (1981). Sex differences in reward allocation: Subjects, partners, and tasks.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 465–478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stake, J. E. (1983). Factors in reward distribution: Allocator motive, gender, and protestant ethic endorsement.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 410–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stake, J. E. (1985). Exploring the basis of sex differences in third party allocations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1621–1629.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Canada. (1995).Earnings of men and women, 1993. Ottawa (Catalog No. 13–217).

  • Summers, T. P., & DeNisi, A. S. (1990). In search of Adams’s other: Reexamination of referents used in the evaluation of pay.Human Relations, 43, 497–511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959).The social psychology of groups. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Treiman, D. J., & Hartmann, H. I. (1981).Women, work, and wages: Equal pay for jobs of equal value. Washington, DC: National Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics(1981).School and work among youth during the 1970’s. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watts, B. L., Messé, L. A., & Vallacher, R. R. (1982). Toward understanding sex differences in pay allocations: Agency communion, and reward distribution behavior.Sex Roles, 12, 1175–1188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weick, K. E. (1966). The concept of equity in the perception of pay.Administrative Science Quarterly, 11, 414–439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, L. K., & Brinkerhoff, A. (1981). The sexual division of labor: Evidence from childhood.Social Forces, 60, 170–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wittig, M. A., Marks, G., & Jones, G. A. (1981). Luck versus effort attributions: Effect on reward allocations to self and others.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7, 71–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, J. V (1989). Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes.Psychological Bulletin, 106, 231–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Guelph, Canada

    Serge Desmarais

  2. University of Waterloo, Canada

    James Curtis

Authors
  1. Serge Desmarais
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. James Curtis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

We thank Mel Lerner, Brenda Major, Joanne Wood, and Mark Zanna for their helpful comments on our analyses. We also gratefully acknowledge that financial support was provided for this and related analyses by a research grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Desmarais, S., Curtis, J. Gender differences in pay histories and views on pay entitlement among university students. Sex Roles 37, 623–642 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02936332

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02936332

Keywords

Search

Navigation