Abstract
Plants regenerated from callus cultures derived from leaf discs and mesophyll protoplasts ofPetunia hybrida cv. Rose of Heaven exhibit a high frequency of genetic and chromosomal variation. Of twelve leaf disc-derived plants examined, only three had the normal diploid chromosome number (2n=14) while seven were tetraploid and two were aneuploid (16 and 27 chromosomes). Of seventeen plants derived from two protoplasts, none had the diploid chromosome number. Most had 28 chromosomes, one 29, two 27, one 26 and one had variable numbers (14–28) in different root tip cells. In all cases aneuploidy was associated with developmental abnormality. In addition, heritable differences in growth, morphology and flower pigmentation were observed in callus-derived tetraploids and diploids, including one diploid which differed from parent plants in at least four characters. These results are discussed in terms of the importance ofPetunia in genetics research and for studies of somaclonal variation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Evans, D. A., Sharp, W. R.: Single gene mutations in tomato plants regenerated from tissue culture. - Science221: 949–951, 1983.
Evans, D. A., Sharp, W. R.: Applications of somaclonal variation. - Biotechnology4: 528–532,1986.
Karp, A., Bright, S. W. J.: On the causes and origins of somaclonal variation. - Oxford Surv. Plant mol. Cell Biol.2: 199–234, 1985.
Larkin, P. J., Scowcroft, W. R.: Somaclonal variation - a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement. - Theor. appl. Genet.60: 197–214, 1981.
Lee, M., Phillips, R. L.: The chromosomal basis of somaclonal variation. - Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant mol. Biol.39: 413–437, 1988.
Lörz, H., Scowcroft, W. R.: Variability among plants and their progeny from protoplasts ofSU/su heterozygotes ofNicotiana tabaccum. - Theor. appl. Genet.66: 67–75, 1983.
Murashige, T., Skoog, F.: A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. -Physiol. Plant.15: 473–497, 1962.
Reinert, J., Yeoman, M. M.: Plant Cell and Tissue Culture: a Laboratory Manual. - Springer-Verlag, Berlin -Heidelberg - New York 1982.
Santos, R. F., Handro, W.: Morphological patterns inPetunia hybrida plants regenerated from tissue culture and differing by their ploidy. - Theor. appl. Genet.66: 55–60, 1983.
Secor, G. A., Shepard, J. F.: Variability in protoplast derived potato clones. - Crop Sci.21:102–105, 1981.
Sibi, M.: Genetic analysis of variant plants regenerated fromin vitro culture: Epigenetics and epigenic. - In:Semal, J. (ed.): Somaclonal Variations and Crop Improvement. Pp. 53–83. Martinus Nijhoff, Boston 1986.
Sink, K. C. (ed.):Petunia. Monographs on Theor. Appl. Genet., Vol. 9. - Springer-Verlag, Berlin - Heidelberg - New York 1984.
Wallroth, M., Gerats, A. G. M., Rogers, S. G., Fraley, R. T., Horsch, R. B.: Chromosomal localisation of foreign genes inPetunia hybrida. - Mol. gen. Genet.202: 6–15, 1986.
Wenzel., G., Schieder, O., Przewozny, T., Sopory, S. K., Melchers, G.: Comparison of single cell culture derivedSolanum tuberosum L. plants and a model for their application in breeding programs. - Theor. appl. Genet.55: 49–55, 1979.
Wiering, H., de Vlaming, P.: Inheritance and biochemistry of pigments. - In:SinkK. C. (ed.): Petunia. Monographs on Theor. Appl. Genet., Vol. 9. - Springer-Verlag, Berlin - Heidelberg - New York 1984.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lewis-Smith, A.C., Chamberlain, M. & Smith, S.M. Genetic and chromosomal variation inPetunia hybrida plants regenerated from protoplast and callus cultures. Biol Plant 32, 247–255 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02886944
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02886944