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Metasequoia — Fossil and Living —

An initial thirty-year (1941–1970) annotated and indexed bibliography with an historical introduction

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Bibliographies

  • Bibliographies sent as photo copies of citations on file in the libraries of the Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., and of Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Ill.

  • Compendium Index of Fossil Plants [A card file, not a publication] at the U.S. Geological Survey Library, Washington, D.C.

  • Fritz, Emmanuel. 1957. California Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D.Don) Endl.), an annotated bibliography to and including 1955. [Contains 2,003 annotated titles, including 32 onMetasequoia.]

  • Walker, Egbert H. 1960. Bibliography of Eastern Asiatic Botany. Supplement I. 552 pp. [Includes 50 citations underMetasequoia in the Index, all of which, except those in Chinese or Japanese, are listed in the present annotated bibliography.]

Annotated Citations

  • Anonymous. 1947a. Far-away cousins of redwoods discovered in China. Trees7(3): 5. Two short paragraphs: Dr. Chaney’s announcement of Dr. Hu’s report regarding the discovery of three living trees ofMetasequoia in China. N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1947b. American redwoods have Chinese relatives. Sci. News-Lett.51(5): 79. Three short paragraphs on discovery of livingMetasequoia trees in China. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1948a.Metasequoia. Gard. Chron. III.123: 121. Discovery of living trees in China; follow-up expeditions; original seed distribution by Arnold Arboretum. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1948b. Puzzleover Metasequoia. Sci. News-Lett.54(8): 124. Concerns Stebbin’s chromosomal studies suggesting thatSequoia sempervirens may be an allopolyploid of hybrid origin. N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1948c. Dawn redwood insects. Amer. For.54(12): 530. Letter to editor regarding some 60,000 insect specimens expected to be collected on Dawn Redwoods Entomological Expedition to China, sponsored by the California Academy of Sciences and Lingnan University. See Gressitt, J. L., 1953. N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1948d. Ship insects from China’s redwoods to California. Sci. NewsLett.54(21): 324. Concerns the afore-mentioned insect collection. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1948e. [No title.] Arbor. Bull. (Seattle, Wash.)11(1): 37; 11(3): 33. Eight lines reporting germination of seed from Arnold Arboretum. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1948f. The dawn-redwood. Amer. For.54(8): 352, 353, 372. Chaney and Silverman’s journey to China; former distribution ofMetasequoia; six photos (discovery tree, river travel); map of area. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1948g. Seed of Metasequoia will be planted in U.S. Sci. News-Lett. 53(6): 87. Half single column: Distribution of seed by Arnold Arboretum for planting in 9 places in U.S.A. and 2 in England. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1948h. Find ancient tree species. Sci. News-Lett.53(23): 357. Half page: Discovery of livingMetasequoia trees; elevation and size of trees in China; Chaney’s trip; photo of Chaney at base of discovery tree. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1948i China has National Park. Sci. News-Lett.53(21): 322. Members of a committee and movement for setting aside a natural area in China to protectMetasequoia. N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1948j. La découverte duSequoia toujours vert (ouSequoia à feuilles d’If) en Chine. Rev. Int. Bois.15(136): 179–180. Discovery of livingMetasequoia trees; Chaney’s journey. Obviously an error in referring toMetasequoia as evergreen. N.Y.P.L.

  • - 1948k. A fossil tree comes to life. Sci. Illus.3(12): 45. Brief, inferior article: Two photos of discovery tree and of Chaney and Silverman at its base. N.Y.P.L.

  • -. 19481. Linked with the dinosaurs: “living fossils” from Mesozoic times. Illus. London News212: 586–587. Discovery, abundance, location of livingMetasequoia trees in China; subsequent expeditions; $250 grant from Arnold Arboretum yielded 9,750,000 Chinese dollars which provided air transport for third expedition; sketches of foliage, twigs, cones and type tree; map of area in China. N.Y.P.L.

  • - 1948m. Re-enterMetasequoia. Botanical find. As but a day. Harvard Univ. Alumni Bull.50(9): 388. Three articles on one page: Seedlings at Arnold Arboretum; discovery of living trees in China; naming of new genusMetasequoia on basis of fossils; size of trees found in China; second expedition in 1946; third expedition financed by $250 grant from Arnold Arboretum; seed arrival in Boston January 5, 1948; distribution of seeds from Arnold Arboretum in U.S. and Europe; photo of Dr. E. D. Merrill and R. H. Fillmore, Arboretum Propagator, examining seedlings. N.Y.P.L.

  • - 1948n. Living fossil. J. New York Bot. Gard.49: 151. One paragraph on acquisition, from Dr. Chung-Lwen Wu, and germination of firstMetasequoia seed at the New York Botanical Garden. N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1948o.Metasequoia glyptostroboides. Gard. Chron. III.124: 1. One short paragraph and a picture, claimed to be the first, of a seedlingMetasequoia grown at Royal Horticultural Society’s gardens, Wisley, England, from seed supplied by Arnold Arboretum. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1948p.Metasequoia summary. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club75(4): 439–440. Chaney and Silverman’s journey to China; brought back bark, cones, leaves (?) and wood. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1948q. New World and Old linked by fossil society. Hobbies53: 151.

  • - 1948r. Plant seeds from tree thought extinct. Sci. Dig.23(4): 70. Half page account of discovery of livingMetasequoia trees and of seed distribution by Arnold Arboretum. N.Y.P.L.

  • - 1948s. Further notes onMetasequoia. Plants and Gardens4(4): 235. Two short paragraphs: Abundance of living trees in China; conservation efforts; reference to Dr. Stebbin’s chromosomal studies. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1948t. China News (London). June 10. Reports the establishment of a Conservation Committee for the preservation and propagation ofMetasequoia in China.

  • - 1948u. Wisley in December. J. Roy. Hort. Soc.73(12): 420–422. Brief reference to first germination ofMetasequoia seed at Wisley. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1948v. Find ancient tree species. Sci. News-Lett.53(23): 357. Chaney’s trip to China; elevation and size ofMetasequoia trees; photo of Chaney at type tree. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1948w. [No title.] J. Roy. Hort. Soc.74(4): lii. Mentions display of a Metasequoia seedling at the November, 1948, meeting of the Society; notes sympodial growth habit. N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1948x. [Various titles.] [A group of newspaper reports presenting essentially the same information, appearing in 22 different newspapers in late January and early February, 1948. Clippings at the Arnold Arboretum.] January 20 and February 1: New York Times. January 28: Wilmington, N.C., News; New Bern, N.C., Sun Journal; Durham, N.C., Sun; Providence, R.I., Bulletin; Albany, Ore., Democrat-Herald; Miami Beach, Fla., Evening Sun; Tampa, Fla., Tribune; Boston Daily Globe. January 29: New York Herald Tribune; Newport, R.I., News; Springfield, Mass., News; Los Angeles, Calif., Examiner; Pittsburg, Pa., Press; Newark, N.J., Star Ledger; Evansville, Ind., Press; Flint, Mich., Journal; Columbus, Ohio, Citizen; Lynchburg, Va., Advance. January 30: New Haven, Conn., Register; Kinston, N.C., Free Press. February 6: Montreal Daily Star. Discovery of livingMetasequoia trees in China; follow-up seed-collecting expedition financed by Arnold Arboretum; seed sent by Arboretum to England, and to (variously given as 9, 11, or a dozen) American Institutions. Arn. Arb.

  • -. 1948y. Land offered for test growth of dawn redwoods. San Francisco Chronicle, April 6: 17. More than 1,000 acres near Mt. St. Helena in Napa County, California, offered to Save-the-Redwoods League for test planting; seeds sent from China already germinated in greenhouses; many other smaller offers of land; Chaney’s trip to China. N.Y.P.L.

  • -. 1948z. Dean Pound stirred by finding ofMetasequoia tree in China. Christ. Sci. Mon.: May 25. Dr. Roscoe Pound, Dean Emeritus of Harvard Law School (with three academic degrees in botany) made a member of the committee to preserveMetasequoia in China; other members listed. Arn. Arb.

  • - 1949a. A monument to Dr. Ernest H. Wilson. J. Roy. Hort. Soc.74(12): 544. Cemetery planting in Montreal, Canada, includesMetasequoia. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1949b. Wilson memorial. Horticulture27(7): 276. Paragraph regarding planting ofMetasequoia seedling at grave of Dr. Ernest H. Wilson, in Montreal. N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1949c. “Dawn redwood” pollen found in Scottish coal. Sci. News-Lett.56(9): 143. N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1949d. The Dawn Redwood, a survival from the age of dinosaurs: a recently discovered plant rarity of ancient lineage. Illus. London News214: 310–311. Extensive quote from Chaney (1948f); five photos of type trees; map of native area. N.Y.P.L.

  • -. 1949e. A possible newcomer to British woodlands; the dawn redwood as a source of soft wood supplies. Illus. London News215: 321. Brief text: Distribution of 600 packets of seed over the world by Arnold Arboretum; 13 photos (fossil foliage, 14-month old seedling, wood anatomy, pollen). N.Y.P.L.

  • -. 1949f.Metasequoia. Save-the-Redwoods League, Ann. Rep., p. 14. Three paragraphs on Chaney’s trip to China, with a quote from his “Redwoods of the Past”. N.Y.P.L.

  • - 1949g. Dawn redwood planted on West Coast. Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus., Bull.20(12): 5. Dawn redwood exhibit in Museum; United Press dispatch in various newspapers that hundreds of seedlings had been planted along Pacific Coast from Alaska to Guatemala; credits Chaney with having brought back four seedlings and thousands of seeds from China. N.Y.P.L.

  • -. 1950a.Metasequoia glyptostroboides in America. Gard. Chron. III. 127: 111. Summary of Skinner’s article (Skinner 1949b). N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1950b.Metasequoia and charity. Gard. Chron. III.128: 85. Brief note that a lady in Surrey, England, had raised seedlings and was “willing to dispose of them for the benefit of charitable institutions”. N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1950c. Seedlings are living experiment of dead age. Sci. News-Lett.58(2): 28. Success of seedlings in Alaska and California. N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1950d. Conifer of prehistoric origin grows in Dublin. Irish Times, August 18: 7. Brief account regarding discovery of livingMetasequoia in China and six seedlings in the Dublin Botanic Garden raised from seed from the Arnold Arboretum. N.Y.P.L.

  • -. 1950e. “Extinct” tree thrives in Alaska. Sci. Dig.28(3): inside front cover. Hardiness and success of seedlings in Alaska. N.Y.P.L.

  • -. 1950f.Metasequoia. Save-the-Redwoods League Ann. Rep. p. 11. One brief paragraph on Chaney’s trip to China. N.Y.P.L.

  • - 1950g. Living fossil. Shade Tree Digest (Howard Tree Res. Lab.) October: 2. Half page account: Discovery and size ofMetasequoia trees in China; roles of Kan and Chaney; photo of seedling. Cor. U. (M)

  • -. 1951a.Metasequoia — Living fossil. West Virginia Univ. Arbor. News1(5): 2. Half page popular account: Discovery of living trees in China; collection and distribution of seed by Arnold Arboretum; three seedlings at the W. Va. Univ. Arboretum from Brooklyn Botanic Garden. B.B.G.

  • -. 1951b. A tale ofMetasequoia. West Virginia Arboretum News1(7): 1–2. Trees referred to in preceding citation disappeared, probably through vandalism; resultant newspaper publicity. B.B.G.

  • -. 1952a. ‘Fossil’ trees, 60,000,000 years old, now grown throughout world; several in Rogue River valley. Medford [Oregon] Mail Tribune, June 15: 8. Lengthy newspaper article: discovery of living trees in China; financing of expedition and distribution of seed by Arnold Arboretum; detailed wide range of seedlings by March, 1948; inappropriateness of name “Dawn redwood”; abundance and size in China; growth rate; plantation planting in England. [Photo copy in Merrill file, NYBG] N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1952b. DieMetasequoia — ein lebendes Fossil. Umschau Wiss. Techn.52(6): 183. Two paragraphs in German. N.A.L.

  • - 1952c. Ancient trees planted. Parks and Rec.35(5): 15. Quarter page: Discovery of livingMetasequoia in China: three trees planted in National Capitol Parks (Washington D.C.); fossils in Alaska, Oregon, California, Greenland, Germany, Switzerland, Manchuria and Japan, in rocks of Eocene age (60 million years old) and of Miocene age (20 million years old). N.Y.P.L.

  • - 1953a.Metasequoia. Gartenwelt53(7): 119. Brief, general article. (In German) N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1953b. [No title]. Horticulture31(7): 300. Lord Aberconway’s tribute to Dr. Merrill for having providedMetasequoia seed for Great Britain. N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1953c. Chromosomenzahl bei fossilen Pflanzen —Sequoia undMetasequoia Umschau Wiss. Techn.53(24): 758. Half page (in German) refers toM. japonica. N.A.L.

  • -. 1953d. Dawn redwoods in Oregon bear cones. Shade Tree Digest (Howard Tree Res. Lab.) March: 3. Half page: Discovery of living trees in China; cones on two trees at Hoyt Arboretum, Portland, Oregon. Cor. U. (M)

  • -. 1955. Grows dawn redwood. Wisconsin Hort.45(5): 153. Dawn redwood and two California redwoods planted at Lake Mills, Wisconsin. Cor. U. (M)

  • -. 1956.Metasequoia grows in Pittsburgh. Bull. Gard. Club. Amer.44(5): 41. One paragraph: 7-year old, 19 1/2-foot tall tree in garden of Mrs. Roy Arthur Hunt; incorrectly states that in 1948 Arnold Arboretum distributed seedlings raised from seed brought from China by Chaney. N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1957a.Metasequoia glyptostroboides, ein “neuer” Nadelbaum. Allg. Forstz.12(11): 153. History of discovery; cultivation in a Copenhagen glasshouse; rooting of cuttings. (For. Abs.19(4): 4121. 1958) N.A.L.

  • - 1957b. Notes and comments. Gard. Chron. III.142(17): 300. Brief paragraph on avenue ofMetasequoia in England. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1957c. The Dawn Redwood in Illinois. Living Museum19(4): 237. Living foliage photo of 12-foot tree in garden of Mrs. Noy Hauskins, Ramsey, Ill., the only survivor from 11 seeds received from Arnold Arboretum. N.Y.P.L.

  • -. 1958. Eine botanische Seltenheit —Metasequoia. Naturschutz24: 31.

  • - 1959. [Title?] Holz-Kurier (Vienna). March 12. Trial planting at Weinheim, Baden, Germany.

  • - 1960a. Redwoods at the New York Botanical Garden. Bull. Gard. Club Amer.48(3): 79–80. Half page on display of Metasequoia fossils as part of redwoods exhibit at the Garden in March, 1960. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1960b. Proliferation of Metasequoia. J. Roy. Hort. Soc.85(2): 59. (Extracts from the Proceedings.) Cone with shoots between the scales. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1960c.Metasequoia glyptostroboides. Gard. Chron. III.148(22): 535. Brief paragraph with photo of foliage and cones. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1960d. Redwoods exhibit. Gard. J. (N.Y.B.G.)10(2): 77. Note on redwood and dawn redwood at N.Y.B.G. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1960e. Spring garden tour. Gard. J. (N.Y.B.G.)10(4): 158–159. MentionsMetasequoia on Princeton University campus. N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1961. Dawn redwood gains favor. Kingwood Center Notes8(2): 2. Half page: Discovery of fossils and of living trees; Chaney’s trip to China; seeds distributed by Arnold Arboretum; planting in Mansfield, Ohio. N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1962a. Survey of recently collected plants. Part I: Himalayas, Tibet, China. J. Roy. Hort. Soc.87(5): 230–240; 273–282. (p. 231, 279) Brief mention ofMetasequoia. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1962b.Metasequoia reports wanted. Scott. Forest.16(1): 61. Short request for reports onMetasequoia plantings in Scotland. (See Maclagan-Gorrie 1965, for report.) N.Y.P.L.

  • - 1963a. A garden century, 1863–1963. Christchurch City Council, New Zealand. Introduction ofMetasequoia into New Zealand. Arn. Arb.

  • - 1963b. Columbia Encyclopedia. Ten lines, part ofSequoia entry: Discovery of fossils and of living trees in China; abundance and distribution there; propagation. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1963c. A living fossil. Agric. Res.12(2): 11. Origin, distribution, growth rate and hardiness of the variety “National”. (Hort. Abs.34(2): 3257. 1964.) N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1964a. Dawn redwood,Metasequoia — Exciting story of its discovery in China. [Mimeo. copy; no place of publication. Sent to Arnold Arboretum, Nov. 24, 1964.] Arn. Arb.

  • -. 1964b. China’s Dawn Redwood. Sunset. August: 150. Half page: Discovery of living trees in China; seeds sent to Arnold Arboretum in 1948, thence distributed; comparison ofMetasequoia with Coast redwood and bald cypress; horticultural features; photo of 35-foot tree at Arcadia, California, started from cutting in 1949. N.Y.P.L.

  • -. 1965a. Rambling observations. Horticulture43(3): 16. Four brief paragraphs: Discovery of livingMetasequoia trees; obtaining and distribution of seed by Arnold Arboretum; growth rate. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1965b. Dawn Redwood. Garden Path35(3): 7. Five paragraphs: Discovery of livingMetasequoia trees in China; seed distribution by Arnold Arboretum; seed sent to Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station furnished seedlings now at Secrest Arboretum in Ohio; wood may have paper-making qualities. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1966. [No title.] Gard. Chron. III.159(21): 506. Paragraph on cutting backMetasequoia twigs after winter kill. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1967. [No title.] Sci. News, U.S. For. Prod. Lab., Madison, Wis. Four page press release:Metasequoia wood commercially unsuitable; history; “Meta means beyond, but which way?” Arn. Arb.

  • -. 1968a. Ancient redwoods not as good as today’s. Sci. News93(1): 13.Metasequoia wood inferior toSequoia wood according to U.S. Products Laboratory. N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1968b.Metasequoia. In: Encyclopedia of Horticulture. 7 vols; abundantly illust. Paragraph onMetasequoia; photo of living foliage and cone. (Title in English; Chinese text.) Cor. U. (B)

  • - 1970. Flowering. Rep. For. Res., For. Comm. [London.] 1969–1970: 109–110.Metasequoia flowers of both sexes initiated in greenhouse on one-year old cuttings; female cones uncommon in Britain; male cones not reported there previously. (For. Abs.32(3): 4131. 1971)

  • Aberconway, Lord. 1948. J. Roy. Hort. Soc.73(4): xxxv. At the Annual General Meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, February 17, 1948, Lord Aberconway, the President, used the nameMetasequoia in referring to a new Chinese tree that he had heard about while visiting the Arnold Arboretum. Aberconway also referred to seed received in England, Scotland and Wales from the Arnold Arboretum. N.Y.B.G.

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  • —. 1950. The gardens at Bodnant. J. Roy. Hort. Soc.75(7): 261–269. (p. 265). Mentions a “tiny little plant ofMetasequoia”. N.Y.B.G. Adair, Cecile. 1949. Dawn redwoods. Christ. Sci. Mon. Mag., Sept. 24: 10. Discovery of living trees in China; Chaney brought seeds and a few small trees from China; he furnished six seedlings to E. W. Sawyer, Los Angeles oil fields broker and retired geologist, for planting in the latter’s mountainous land in northern California; 8 to 10-inch growth reported two months later. N.Y.P.L.

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  • Agranovskaia, IA.,et al. 1956. (Oligocene spore atlas of the USSR.) 310 pp. (p. 271.) Half page account onMetasequoia, mentioningM. japonica. (In Russian.) N.Y.B.G. Aldhous, J. K. 1961. Dawn redwood cones. Quart. J. Forest.55(2): 180. Photos of foliage and of stalked cones from a tree in England. N.Y.P.L.

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  • Allanson, Robin. 1963.Metasequoia glyptostroboides on Dartmoor. Gard. Chron. III.154(14): 247. Note concerning hardiness. N.Y.B.G.

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  • Anderson, A. W. 1949. The dawn redwood — A living relic of the far past. New Zealand Gard.5(10): 733–736. Discovery of living trees; seed distribution; cultivation. N.A.L.

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  • Anderson, W. Warren. 1949. You too can grow a redwood tree. Rare Plant Club. Illus., 15 pp. IncludesMetasequoia.

  • Andreanszky, Gabriel. 1959. Die Flora der Sarmatischen Stufe in Ungarn. 360 pp., 68 pls. Three brief indexed references toMetasequoia fossils. N.Y.B.G.(B)

  • Andrews, Henry N. 1947. Ancient plants and the world they lived in. 279 pp. (p. 194.) Three line footnote: Many fossil specimens originally described asSequoia were later assigned toMetasequoia; photo ofM. occidentalis fossil from Alaska. N.Y.B.G.

  • —. 1948.Metasequoia and the living fossils. Missouri Bot. Gard. Bull.36(6): 79–85. Discovery of fossil and living material; resemblance to, and differences from, related genera; abundance, location and size in China; seed distribution; greater antiquity of related genera; photos ofMetasequoia seedlings and ofSequoia foliage fossil. N.Y.B.G.

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  • - 1961. Studies in paleobotany. 487 pp. (p. 206–207.) Brief allusion to, and photo of,Metasequoia occidentalis fossil foliage in Oregon. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1970. Index of generic names of fossil plants; 1820–1965. U.S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Surv. Bull. 1300. 354 pp. (p. 131.) IncludesMetasequoia glyptostroboides as a “conserved name”. N.Y.B.G.

  • Anliker, J. 1949.Metasequoia glyptostroboides, eine bedeutsame Entdeckung. Schweiz. Beitr. Dendrol.1(1): 33. One page account of discovery. Cor. U. (M)

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  • Armitage, E. 1953. Autumn colouring inMetasequoia. J. Roy. Hort. Soc.78(2): 60. Half page on a tree in Herefordshire, England. N.Y.B.G.

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  • Arnold, Chester A. 1952. Tertiary plants from North America. 2. Fossil capsule valves ofKoelreuteria from the John Day series of Oregon. Palaeobotanist 1 (Birbal Sahni Memorial Volume): 74–77. Leafy branchlets and seeds ofMetasequoia the most abundant plant fossils at this locality. N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1969. The fossil-plant record.In: Robert H. Tschudy and Richard A. Scott, Aspects of palynology. 510 pp. (p. 138, 139.) Brief reference toMetasequoia as having first appeared in the Late Cretaceous and continued into the Oligocene of Colorado, Montana, and Oregon. N.Y.B.G.

  • Asahina, Syoziro. 1969. Notes on Chinese Odonata. II. The Odonata ofMetasequoia expedition. Kontyu37(2): 192–201. Concerns insects collected on California Academy of Science-Lingnan University joint expedition to theMetasequoia area in China. (Bio. Abs.51(20): 116360. 1970.) N.A.L.

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  • Ashley, James F. 1938?. A Middle Tertiary flora from Elko, Nevada. (Unpublished typescript casting doubt on certain fossils placed inTaxodium by the author although differing in having opposite peltate ament scales, thus anticipating establishment of the new genus,Metasequoia, by Miki three years later. This anticipatory writing is mentioned in Chaney’s important revision (Chaney, 1951a). U.C.(P.)

  • Auckland, F. H. 1963.Metasequoia glyptostroboides. Gard. Chron. III.154(16): 283. Note on a tree in England. N.Y.B.G.

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  • Axelrod, Daniel I. 1950. Evolution of desert vegetation in western North America. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Publ.590: 215–306. (pp. 224, 230.)Metasequoia mentioned twice, in Colorado, Utah, Wyoming. N.Y.B.G.

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  • -. 1966. The Eocene Copper Basin flora of northeastern Nevada. Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol. Sci. 59. 86 pp., 20 pls.Metasequoia mentioned four times. N.Y.B.G.(B)

  • Bachrach, Louis F. 1951. A liberal philosophy with plants. Horticulture29(11): 407–408. Includes a short paragraph on growingMetasequoia seedlings from seed furnished by Arnold Arboretum. N.Y.B.G.

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  • Baikov, G. K. 1959. (Experiments on acclimatization ofMetasequoia glyptostroboides in the Botanical Gardens of the Bashkir Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.) Bot. Zhur.44(7): 1004–1007. Ref. Zhur., Biol. 1960. No. 65336. Hothouse seedlings; transplanting to open ground; grafting onSequoia; drawing and photo of seedling. (In Russian.) Bio. Abs.48(13): 66889. 1967. For. Abs.21(2): 1660. 1960.

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  • Baikovskaia, T. N. 1956. (Upper Cretaceous flora of northern Asia.)In: A. L. Takhtajan (Editor): Paleobotanica, Vol. II: 49–181. 27 pls.Metasequoia disticha fossils in Sakhalin and Siberia; fossil foliage photos; many indexed references to the genus. (In Russian.) N.Y.B.G.

  • Baily, A. L. 1953. The arboretum at Westtown School (Penn.). Nat. Hort. Mag.32(4): 223–225. Mentions an 18″ seedling from U.S.D.A. in 1950. N.Y.B.G.

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  • Baker, Richard St. Barbe. 1965. Famous trees of New Zealand. Introduction ofMetasequoia into New Zealand. Arn. Arb.

  • Baker, Robert L. 1966. Trees, shrubs and architecture. Gard. J. (N.Y.B.G.)16(2): 64–66. Mentions ornamental value ofMetasequoia bark. N.Y.B.G.

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  • —, & Conrad B. Link. 1963. The influence of photoperiod on the rooting of cuttings of some woody ornamental plants. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.82: 596–601. IncludesMetasequoia; indole butyric acid. (Hort. Abs.34(1): 980. 1964.) M.H.S.

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  • Baldwin, John T. 1969.Metasequoia produces male flowers in Williamsburg, Virginia. Amer. Hort. Mag.48(3): 137–138. Introduction at Williamsburg in 1948; growth rate; male and female cones, and viable seed; photos of 57-foot trees, buttressed bases, male and female cones. (For. Abs.32(1): 366. 1971.) N.Y.B.G.

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  • —. 1970. Dawn-redwood produces staminate cones (“male flowers”) in Williamsburg, Virginia. Plants and Gardens25(4): 56. Reprinting of Baldwin’s 1969 article, with slight modification and omission of illustrations. N.Y.B.G.

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  • Barclay, J. 1959. TheMetasequoia mystery. Gard. Chron. III.146(13): 167. Rejoinder to Street (q.v.) N.Y.B.G.

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  • Bate-Smith, E. C. 1954. Leuco-anthocyanins. 1. Detection and identification of anthocyanidins formed from leuco-anthocyanins in plant tissues. Biochem. J.58: 122–125. IncludesMetasequoia. N.Y.P.L.

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  • —& N. H. Lerner. 1954. Leuco-anthocyanins. 2. Systematic distribution of leuco-anthocyanins in leaves. Biochem. J.58: 126–132. IncludesMetasequoia. N.Y.P.L.

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  • Bavendam, W. 1948. Lebende Vorfahren der Sequoien. Holz-Zentralblatt74(52): 429. Brief historical account ofMetasequoia. N.A.L.

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  • Bawden, H. E. 1959. TheMetasequoia mystery. Gard. Chron. III.146(14): 181. Reply to Street (q.v.). N.Y.B.G.

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  • Bean, W. J. 1951. Trees and shrubs hardy in the British Isles. 636 pp; 62 pls. Half page: Discovery and technical features ofMetasequoia; trees in England from seed supplied by Arnold Arboretum. B.B.G.

  • Becker, Herman F. 1960a. Paleobotany at the New York Botanical Garden. Gard. J.10(1): 10–12. MentionsMetasequoia in the fossil flora of Montana. N.Y.B.G.

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  • - 1960b. The Tertiary flora of the Ruby gravelly basin in southwestern Montana. Billings Geol. Soc., XI Ann. Field Conf., 9 pp.Metasequoia occidentalis, photos of fossil foliage and pistillate cones. N.Y.B.G.(B)

  • -. 1961. Oligocene plants from the upper Ruby River basin, southwestern Montana. Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 82. 127 pp., 32 pls. (p. 50). MentionsM. occidentalis as “the most abundant fossil remains in the shales of the Ruby area”; photos of fossil foliage. N.Y.B.G.

  • —. 1962. The resurrection of a landscape. Gard. J.12(1): 8–11. MentionsMetasequoia in the fossil flora of Montana; fossil foliage photos. N.Y.B.G.

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  • —. 1965. Flowers, insects and evolution. Gard. J.15(3): 109–114. Refers toMetasequoia as an example of “evolutionary suspension”. N.Y.B.G.

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  • —. 1966. Additions to and revision of the Oligocene Ruby paper shale flora of southwestern Montana. Univ. Michigan, Mus. Paleont., Contr.20(5): 89–119. 6 pls., 1 fig.M. occidentalis included. N.Y.B.G.

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  • —. 1969. Fossil plants of the Tertiary Beaverhead basins in southwestern Montana. Palaeontographica B127: 1–142. 44 pls., 4 figs., 5 diagrams, 29 tables. (p. 65). Half page onMetasequoia occidentalis. Disagrees with Schwarz and Weide (q.v.) in their combiningMetasequoia andSequoiadendron withSequoia. N.Y.B.G.

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  • Beckmann, Siegfried, & Helmut Schühle. 1968; For. Abs.30(2): 1823. 1969.)

  • —: 84102v. 1968; For Abs.30(2): 1824. 1969.)

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  • Bell, W. A. 1957. Flora of the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo group of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Geol. Survey Canada, Mem. 293. 84 pp., 67 pls. One and a half pages onMetasequoia, mentioningM. cuneata, M. obovata andM. occidentalis, and their differences; fossil foliage photos. N.Y.P.L.

  • -. 1962. Catalogue of types and, figured specimens of fossil plants in the Geological Survey of Canada collections. Geol. Survey Canada. 154 pp. (p. 110)M. cuneata in British Columbia. H.U.(B)

  • -. 1963. Upper Cretaceous floras of the Dunvegan, Bad Heart, and Milk River formations of Western Canada. Geol. Survey Canada, Bull. 94. (p. 29) Fossil cone and foliage photos ofM. cuneata from Alberta and British Columbia. N.Y.P.L.

  • -. 1969. Catalogue of types and figured specimens of fossil plants in the Geological Survey of Canada collections (Megaplant Supplement, 1963–1967). 36 pp. (p. 31)M. occidentalis in Alberta. H.U.(B)

  • Bergoffen, W. W. 1949. Questions and answers. Yearb. Agric, pp. 19–36. (p. 20) In answer to the question: “Are any living trees direct descendants of fossil ancestors”, the author answers “Yes”, citing ginkgo andMetasequoia of China; Chaney brought specimens (?) and seed of the latter from China; resultant seedlings and transplants growing at University of California; League for protection ofMetasequoia in China. N.Y.B.G.

  • Beskaravayny, M. M., & Valentine Bogoljubova. 1966. Conifers in the Nikita Botanical Gardens, Yalta, Crimea, U.S.S.R. Gard. J.16: 21–24. IncludesMetasequoia, 25 feet tall and 5 inches in diameter, brought from China in 1953 as small seedlings; root cuttings used as stock forTaxodium. N.Y.B.G.

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  • Binney, H. B. 1948. Chinese “Dawn Redwood” seeds planted in B. C. Woodland World1(4): 6. Montreal newspaper article: Discovery of livingMetasequoia trees; Chaney’s journey; Distribution of seed by Arnold Arboretum to B.C. and elsewhere. N.Y.P.L.

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  • Blackburn, Benjamin. 1959. A fruitingMetasequoia. News Lett. Amer. Assoc. Bot. Gard. No. 39 (April): 15. Cone production in New Jersey and Wisconsin. N.A.L.

  • Böcher, Tyge Wittrock. 1964. Morphology of the vegetative body ofMetasequoia glyptostroboides. Dansk. Bot. Ark.24: 1–70. Technical article: Alternate and opposite branching; shoot types; root anatomy; shoot anatomy; periderm; abscission; buds; xylem; phloem; phyllotaxy; leaf anatomy; mycorrhiza. 33 figures (photos of 15-year old tree in Copenhagen, foliage, root and stem anatomy; drawings of bud transection; etc.) N.Y.B.G. (Bio. Abs.46(19): 86201. 1965)

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  • Boerner, F. 1955. Die Entdeckung derMetasequoia glyptostroboides, fast ein Roman. Pflanze und Garten12: 326–328.

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  • — 1959. Notizen uberMetasequoia. Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges.60: 100. Plantings in botanical gardens and at other institutions in Germany. N.A.L.

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  • Boom, Boudewijn, & H. Kleijn. 1966. The Glory of the tree. 128 pp., 194 color illust. (p. 20) Full page account ofMetasequoia: Discovery of living trees in China; follow-up expeditions; seed distribution by Arnold Arboretum. N.Y.B.G.

  • Borsuk, M. O. 1956. [Paleocene flora of Sakhalin (of the conglomerate and Lower Duiseries.)] Trudy, n.s.12: 16–18. 1 pl., 6 figs. MentionsM. disticha in flora of Sakhalin and Siberia.

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  • Bratzeva, G. M. 1965. (Pollen and spores in Maestrichtian deposits of the Far East.) (Acad. Sci. USSR, Geol. Inst. Trans.129: 1–42; 42 pls. (p. 8).) Incidental mention ofMetasequoia. (In Russian) N.Y.B.G.

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  • Brazier, J. D. 1963. The timber of young plantation-grownMetasequoia. Quart. J. Forest.57(2): 151–153. Wood properties and possibility as timber tree in Great Britain. N.Y.P.L. (For. Abs.24(4): 5453. 1963.)

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  • Broekhuizen, J. T. M., & F. N. Zwart. 1966. Ned. Boschbouw-Tijdschr.38(11): 409–410. Dutch text; English summary. N.A.L. (For. Abs.28(2): 2463. 1967.

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  • —& — 1967. Een bijdrage tot de kennis vanMetasequoia glyptostroboides. Ned. Boschbouw-Tijdschr.39(10): 439–463. Inst. For. Res., Div. Silv., Agr. Univ., Wageningen, Netherlands, Commun. #10.Metasequoia data from various countries compared with data from the Netherlands. Also: history of discovery; morphology; propagation; several clones, two described (”Moerheim” and “Vada”); hormone treatment; results of trial plantings;Forties injury; ecology in China; growth rate; silviculture; 6 photos (type tree; cones, clones, 19-year old tree in Wageningen); map of China area. (In Dutch; English summary.) N.A.L. (For. Abs.29(2): 1940. 1968.)

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  • Browicz, Kazimierz. 1960. (Species of Taxodiaceae in the Kornick Arboretum.) Arboretum Kórnickie, Rocznik V: 203–223. Acclimatization; minimum temperature; photo of mature trunk of Metasequoia. (In Polish; English & Russian summaries.) N.A.L. (For. Abs.23(1): 607. 1962.)

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  • Brown, Roland W. 1962. Paleocene flora of the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains. Profess. Pap. U.S. Geol. Surv. 375. 119 pp., 69 pls. (p. 49–50)Metasequoia occidentalis in Wyoming fossil flora, among 170 kinds of plants; distinguishing generic features ofMetasequoia; photos of cones, foliage, seed. N.Y.P.L.

  • Bugala, Wladyslaw, & Henryk Chylarecki. 1957/58. (Frost injuries to trees and shrubs in the Kornik Arboretum in the winter of 1955/1956.) Arboretum Kornickie, Rocznik III: 111–177. Reference to hardiness ofMetasequoia. (In Polish; English summary.) N.A.L. (For. Abs.21(1): 587. 1960.)

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  • Burgrichter, Ernst, & Wolfram Schoenwald. 1968. Forstliche Anbauversuche mit derMetasequoia glyptostroboides im Raum Westfalen. Forschungsber. Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen. 1968: 4–36. Sensitivity of young trees to various conditions; growth rate; cuttings. (Bio. Abs.49(22): 118600. 1968. For. Abs.30(2): 2117. 1969.)

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  • Bush, Vannevar. 1948. Report of the President of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Yearbook47: 3–15. 1947/48. One paragraph: Chaney’s visit to China confirms report of livingMetasequoia trees there; role of climate; many Tertiary fossils assigned toSequoia actually belong toMetasequoia. N.Y.B.G.

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  • Campbell, J. G. 1953.Metasequoia glyptostroboides. Gard. Chron. III.134: 193. Author regards Cowley’s suggestion (q.v.) to reduceMetasequoia “to the status of an ornamental pot plant” as “sacrilege most vile”. N.Y.B.G.

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  • — 1956. The fossil-age conifer. Gard. Chron. III.140(4): 86. Half page horticultural description; two photos. N.Y.B.G.

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  • Carpentier, A. 1950. Un fossile viviant, leMetasequoia. Bull. Soc. Bot. France,3: 10–13. Technical description ofSequoia andTaxodium; longer account of discovery ofMetasequoia and of its former distribution. U.C.(Bi).

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  • Carter, Cyril. 1960. Cones onMetasequoia. Gard. Chron. III.148(27): 645. Three short paragraphs. N.Y.B.G.

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  • Cater, Ruth C. 1950. Tree trails and hobbies. 324 pp. (p. 296–298) Popular account of discovery of livingMetasequoia trees in China, of the acquisition and distribution of seed by the Arnold Arboretum, and of Chaney’s journey to China. B.B.G.

  • Cavcavadze, E. S. 1960. (Analysis of the diagnostic features of the wood of conifers. Pits on the cross-fields in some of the Taxodiaceae.) Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR133(5): 1235–1238. IncludesMetasequoia. (In Russian.) N.A.L. (For. Abs.22(2): 2336. 1961.)

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  • Ceballos y Fernandez de Cordoba, Luis. 1948.Metasequoia, fossil viviente; el más interesante descubrimiento botánica del siglio. Montes4(24): 551–554. General account: Discovery; photo and drawing of discovery tree; photo of seedling; China area map. N.A.L.

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  • Cernilevs’kij, K. V. 1966. (Introduction ofMetasequoia into Podolia.) Ukrajins’k. Bot. Zurn.23(5): 108–109. Growth rate; hardiness. (In Ukrainian.) N.A.L. (For. Abs.28(2): 2064. 1967.)

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  • Chandler, Marjorie Elizabeth Jane. 1964. The Lower Tertiary floras of southern England. Vol. IV. A summary and survey of findings in the light of recent botanical observations. 151 pp., 4 pls. Pollen; seed. Author seems to agree with Schwarz and Weide (q.v.) thatMetasequoia andSequoiadendron should be included underSequoia. (See also Becker 1969 for opposing view.) N.Y.B.G.

  • Chaney, Ralph W. 1947. Tertiary centers and migration routes. Ecol. Monogr.17(2): 139–148. Brief allusion to the discovery of livingMetasequoia trees in China which resemble fossils from Alaska, Greenland and Spitzbergen. This appears to have been the first published notice of these trees in an American scientific publication. It appeared before formal publication of the new species,Metasequoia glyptostroboides, and was based on a communication from Hu. N.Y.B.G.

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  • —. 1948a. Paleobotany. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Yearbook47: 110–113. Apparently Chaney’s first article concerningMetasequoia in a scientific publication after his visit to China: Climatic changes in geologic ages; anomalous American fossils assigned toSequoia; roles of Miki, Cheng, Hu and Arnold Arboretum, in discovering, naming and seedcollecting. N.Y.B.G.

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  • -. 1948b. The ancient forests of Oregon. Oregon State System of Higher Education. 56 pp. (p. 26–32.) Naming of genus; distribution of livingMetasequoia trees in China; Chaney and Silverman’s journey; comparison of California and China as to climate; photos of fossil foliage and of discovery tree. N.Y.P.L.

  • —. 1948c. The bearing of the livingMetasequoia on problems of Tertiary paleobotany. Proc. Natl. Acad. U.S.A.34(11): 503–515. A significant technical article: Discovery of living redwoods in California; naming of Coast Redwood; European and North American fossils assigned toSequoia; departure of some of these fossils and of others in Japan and Korea from typicalSequoia; founding of new genusMetasequoia and transferral of someSequoia fossils to it; discovery and naming ofM. glyptostroboides; re-examination ofSequoia fossils; detailed description ofMetasequoia and comparison withSequoia andTaxodium; Chaney and Silverman’s journey; area and arborescent associates ofMetasequoia in China. N.Y.B.G. (Bio. Abs.23(5): 16236. 1949.) (Science107: 460. 1948.)

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  • -. 1948d. Palaeobotany. Arcto-Tertiary Flora. Encyclopedia Britannica. See Chaney, 1967a.

  • —. 1948e. Redwoods around the Pacific basin. Pacific Discovery1(5): 4–14. Excellent popular article with 15 good illustrations, including a map of worldwide distribution ofSequoia andMetasequoia: Discovery of living California Coast Redwood; discovery and assignment of fossils toSequoia; establishment of the new genusMetasequoia; discovery of living trees in China and additional exploration for them; Chaney’s trip to China; comparison ofMetasequoia andSequoia; arborescent associates in China; Arcto-Tertiary flora; prehistoric climatic changes and southward movement of flora. (Reprinted in part under McDuffie.) N.Y.B.G. (Fritz, 1957: 609: “Similar material in Redwood Region Logging Conference Bulletin”, Brizard-Matthews Machinery Co., Eureka, Calif. May 28–29. 1948.)

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  • —. 1948f. The redwood of China. Pl. & Gard.4(4): 231–235. Popular article on discovery of, and further exploration for, living trees in China: Discovery and first collection of California redwood, mis-namedTaxodium, corrected by Endlicher; first fossils assigned toTaxites; Miki’s criteria for describing new genusMetasequoia; escaped previous explorers David, Henry and Wilson; Chinese name; meaning of “meta” prefix; early correspondence between Chaney, Hu and Merrill; five photos. N.Y.B.G.

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  • — 1948g. Redwoods in China. Nat. Hist.57(10): 440–444. Excellent popular article: Manchurian fossils; discovery of living trees; follow-up expeditions; sponsorship by Arnold Arboretum; receipt of seed; Chaney and Silverman’s visit to China; former distribution ofMetasequoia; arborescent associates; prehistoric climate; Conservation committee; five photos, one drawing of discovery tree; map of area in China. N.Y.B.G.

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  • —. 1948h. Long-lost tree is found.Metasequoia, ancestor of redwoods, discovered in China. S. Lumberman176(2211): 58. Lengthy quote from Chaney 1948g. N.Y.P.L.

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  • -. 1948i. Redwoods of the past. Save-the-Redwoods League. 7 p. (Reissued 1950, 1951, 1954, 1967.) Discovery of living trees in China; distribution and size there; prehistoric climate changes; conservation effort; Chaney and Silverman’s journey; hardiness in Alaska and Pacific Northwest ofMetasequoia; photos of discovery tree, fossil foliage and eight-year old seedling; map of worldwide distribution ofMetasequoia andSequoia. N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1948j. 100,000,000 years. Univ. Calif., Pub. Inf.-Radio Serv. Broadcast June 13, 1948. Question and answer broadcast regarding discovery of, and other 258 details concerning,Metasequoia in China; detailed account of Chaney’s visit to the area; includes the statement: “I did manage to bring back four small dawn redwoods. These are growing on the Berkeley campus right now — along with seedlings planted all over the United States and Europe.” U.C.(Ba)

  • —. 1949a. Dawn redwoods — The first year. Annual Calif. Spring Garden Show17: 55, 59. Includes the statement that Chaney returned from China with four seedlings in a wicker basket and 25,000 seeds in a cloth bag. [In all the material examined for this study, this is the only published reference attributed directly to Dr. Chaney to bringing these seeds back with him from China. However, similar claims appear repeatedly in newspaper articles and inMetasequoia summaries written by others, with no published attempt at correction from Chaney.] Also reports seedlings put in lathhouse on University of California campus in Berkeley, thriving outdoors next spring; seeds brought home supplemented by others from the 1948 crop sent by Cheng; about 2,400 seedlings produced; distributed and planted from Pasadena to central Oregon; paleobotanical and paleoclimatological history. N.A.L. -. 1949b. Discovery of livingMetasequoia. Ohio J. Sci.49(2): 71–72. Brief but informative article, not written by but based on a statement by Chaney: Time of extinction; distribution of fossils; discovery of living trees; Chaney and Silverman’s visit to China; Size and area of trees there. N.Y.B.G.

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  • — 1949c. Early Tertiary ecotones in western North America. Proc. Natl. Acad. U.S.A.35(7): 356–359. Brief ecological comment regarding Metasequoia. N.Y.B.G.

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  • —. 1949d. The Miocene occurrence ofSequoia and related conifers in the John Day Basin. Proc. Natl. Acad. U.S.A.35(3): 125–129. MentionsMetasequoia in the U.S. fossil flora. N.Y.B.G. (Bio. Abs.23(10): 29828. 1949. Science108: 681. 1948.)

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  • —. 1949e. Redwoods — Occidental and oriental. Science110: 551–552. Brief commentary on geologic history. N.Y.B.G. (For. Abs.12(1): 142. 1950.)

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  • —. 1949f. Paleobotany. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Yearbook48: 106–109. Climatic, distributional and topographic comparisons ofSequoia andTaxodium in the U.S.A.; morphological comparisons and taxonomy ofMetasequoia, Sequoia andTaxodium; fossil distribution of these genera in the western U.S.A.; growing seedlings in California, and distributing them to Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Mexico and Guatemala. N.Y.P.L.

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  • —. 1950. Paleobotany. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Yearbook49: 114–116. 1949/50. Comparison of fossil characters ofMetasequoia, Sequoia andTaxodium; success of seedlings in Alaska and British Columbia; ecology in China. N.Y.P.L.

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  • —. 1951a. A revision of fossilSequoia andTaxodium in western North America based on the recent discovery ofMetasequoia. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. II.40(3): 171–263. A detailed, scholarly contribution, with 93 photos of fossils, 40 of which, originally ascribed toSequoia orTaxodium, are assigned toMetasequoia; discovery of living trees in China; roles of Dr. Merrill and the Arnold Arboretum in further exploration and seed distribution; Chaney and Silverman’s journey to China; previous assignments of fossils toSequoia orTaxodium; distinguishing fossil characters ofMetasequoia, Sequoia andTaxodium; extensive, detailed description of fossils. N.Y.B.G. (Bio. Abs.27(11): 30438A. 1953.)

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  • —. 1951b. Paleobotany. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Yearbook50: 134–137. Reinterpretation of Oregon fossil flora as a result of Chaney’s revision ofSequoia, Taxodium andMetasequoia cited above; discussion of climatic changes; general discussion of Arctic-Tertiary flora; distribution ofMetasequoia seedlings under auspices of Save-the-Redwoods League. N.Y.P.L.

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  • —. 1951c. Prehistoric forests of the San Francisco Bay area.In: Geologic Guidebook of the San Francisco Bay Counties; History, Landscape, Geology, Fossils, Minerals, Industry and Routes of Travel. Calif. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Mines. Bull.154: 193–202. (p. 196) Refers to first California record ofMetasequoia fossil. U.C.(P)

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  • —. 1952a. Paleobotany. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Yearbook51: 155–157. Two page discussion ofMetasequoia, similar to that in Yearbook50. N.Y.P.L.

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  • -. 1952b. Conifer dominants in the middle Tertiary of the John Day Basin, Oregon. Palaeobotanist1*#@ (Bir-bal Sahni Memorial Volume): 105–113. 8,433 specimens ofMetasequoia occidentalis found in the area. N.Y.B.G.

  • —. 1953a. Paleobotany. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Yearbook52: 180–181.Metasequoia fossil in Oregon mentioned. N.Y.B.G.

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  • —. 1953b. To compare the Cenozoic floras of Japan with those of corresponding age in North America, with special emphasis on the occurrence ofMetasequoia and its associates. Amer. Philos. Soc., Yearbook1952: 143–145. In connection with the above-mentioned project, sponsored in part by the American Philosophical Society, Chaney visited museums in Denmark, England and Sweden in 1951 and found many specimens labelledSequoia andTaxodium to belong toMetasequoia; much evidence of past occurrence ofMetasequoia in Greenland, Spitzbergen and arctic Canada from descriptions and illustrations in Heer’s “Flora Fossilis Arctica” and earlier volumes;Metasequoia was more abundant thanSequoia in Japan; the only conifer of both Cretaceous and Tertiary age at high latitudes;M. cuneata andM. occidentalis mentioned. N.Y.P.L.

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  • —. 1954. Paleobotany. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Yearbook53: 183–185. Short mention ofMetasequoia discovery up to 3,000 feet elevation in China. N.Y.B.G.

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  • —. 1955. Paleobotany. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Yearbook54: 184–185. Mention ofMetasequoia fossils in Japan and Oregon. N.Y.P.L.

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  • —. 1956. Paleobotany. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Yearbook55: 265–266. Mentions fossil cones and foliage ofM. occidentalis in Oregon. N.Y.B.G.

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  • —. 1957. The discovery tree of China — The dawn redwood. Frontiers22(2): 57–60. Good popular account: Discoveries of fossils and of living trees by Miki, Wang, Cheng and Hu; contrasting characters ofMetasequoia andSequoia; Chaney’s journey to China; success of seedlings in Alaska and in the Pacific Northwest; climatic changes in prehistoric times; former sub-tropical forest in western U.S.A.; redwood fossils from this area formerly considered identical with living Coast Redwood of California; photo of fossil foliage in Oregon. N.Y.P.L.

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  • -. 1958. Dawn redwoods. Save-the-Redwoods League, Spring Bull.: 2. Decade of tree distribution by the League; extent of propagation from them; role of Arnold Arboretum; absence of male cones so far and of seed viability. N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1960. [Unpublished typescript, biographical account of Dr. Chaney resulting from an interview with Edna Tartaul Daniel.] Univ. Calif., Reg. Cult. Hist. Proj. 280 pp. Four short and rather uninformative indexed references toMetasequoia. U.C.(Ba)

  • -. 1961. The Dawn Redwoods.In: Alice Sloane Anderson [Editor]: Our garden heritage — Articles from the Bulletins of the Garden Club of America. 622 pp. [p. 165–168] Contrary to the statement on the title page of this volume, the article in it under Dr. Chaney’s name as author is not truly a reprinting of oneby him in the January, 1949, Bulletin, but is an editorial combination of quotesfrom him in the January, 1949 Bulletin article, with extracts from others of his writings published elsewhere: wide distribution of fossils; their age; discovery of living trees in China; Chaney’s journey to China; description and size of trees there; climatic changes. N.Y.B.G.

  • -. [Editor]. 1963. Tertiary floras of Japan — Miocene floras. 262 pp. Collab. Assoc. Comm. 80th Anniv. Geol. Survey Japan. (See Huzioka, Matsuo, Tanai and Suzuki.) N.Y.B.G.(B)

  • -. 1967a. Dawn redwood (Metasequoia). Encyclopedia Britannica. 24 lines, single column: Fossil abundance; time of existence and abundance; discovery, location, abundance of living trees; arborescent associates; cultivation; growth rate; classification; morphological comparison with related genera. N.Y.P.L.

  • - 1967b. Miocene forests of the Pacific basin: their ancestors and their descendants.In: Jub. Publ. Commem. Prof. Sasa’s 60th Birthday. Hakkaido Univ. [p. 209–239] Several comments regardingMetasequoia. N.Y.B.G.(B)

  • —. 1969. Forestry inside the bamboo curtain. Ecology50: 161–162. Review of Richardson’s “Forestry in Communist China”. Refers to extensive forest planting ofMetasequoia in the more southerly provinces of China, outside its native area. N.Y.B.G.

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  • Chaney letters. 1946–1951. [Correspondence between R. W. Chaney, H. H. Hu (24 letters), Carol H. Woodward, H. B. Binney, G. H. Conant (of Triarch Botanical Products), Virginia E. May (of Science Illustrated), S. N. Wyckoff and N. T. Mirov (of the California Forest and Range Experiment Station), E. T. Scoyen (of Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park), A. Powers (of the Oregon State System of Higher Education, and persons requesting seed ofMetasequoia. These letters are on deposit at the University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; photo copies are among E. D. Merrill’s papers and correspondence at the New York Botanical Garden.]

  • Chaney letter, 1971. [Letter to the present writer from Dr. Chaney, dated February 22, about two weeks before he died.]

  • Chaney, Ralph W., and Daniel I. Axelrod. 1959. Miocene floras of the Columbia Plateau. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Publ. 617. 229 pp. Several references toMetasequoia; photo ofM. occidentalis fossil. N.Y.B.G.

  • Chaney, Ralph W., and Yasuo Sasa. 1961. A comparison of Tertiary floral development in Japan and western North America. Ninth Pac. Sci. Cong., 1957. Proc.12: 273–275.Metasequoia included in list of Tertiary genera common to both areas. U.C.(P)

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  • Chaudun, V. 1956. Ornamental conifers. 144 pp. Brief account ofMetasequoia. Translated from French by Vera Higgins. B.M.(N.H.)

  • -. 1959. Coniferes d’ornement. 166 pp. Brief description ofMetasequoia. Arn. Arb.

  • Ch’en, Tsuin-yu, Chang Chuen-King, and Chang Jie. 1965. [Experiments in acclimatizingMetasequoia glyptostroboides.]In: Chung-Kuo K’o Hsueh Yuan. [Collection of essays on plant introduction and acclimatization.], p. 102–111. Chinese Acad. Sci., Inst. Bot., Bot. Gard., Peking. Photoperiods and temperature controls for acclimatizingMetasequoia in the Peking area. (In Chinese; English summary) N.A.L.

  • Cheney, Clifford P. 1970. ‘Here was a fossil come to life’. Christ. Sci. Mon., June 3, 1970. Popular one-page article based on visit to Dr. Chaney in Berkeley, California: Chaney’s visit to China; “The seeds which he brought back from China have been parlayed by himself and other botanists into hundreds of thousands of thriving trees”... “Seeds and seedlings distributed [by him] now yield splendid, growing trees throughout the United States and in Europe, Asia, South America, Africa, and New Zealand.”; Chaney personally delivered two seedlings to Emperor Hirohito of Japan, and on a visit in 1969 saw one of them to be nearly 100 feet tall; photo of the trees in China and of fossil foliage in Oregon. N.Y.B.G.(B)

  • Cheng, P. C. 1948. Leaf anatomy ofMetasequoia. Unpub. ms. Nat. Cent. Univ., Nanking, China.

  • Cheng, Wan-Chun. 1949. Some new trees from theMetasequoia region, southeast Hupeh. Sci. and Tech. China2(2): 35–36. Col.U.(E)

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  • — and Chung Hsiang Ch’u. 1949. Ecological study of the motherland ofMetasequoia. Science Sci. Soc. China31(3): 73–80. Title in Chinese and English; Chinese text. Cor.U.(O)

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  • —. 1962. On the vertical distribution of the endotrophic mycorrhizae inMetasequoia. J. Inst. Polytech. Osaka City Univ., Ser. D, Biol.13: 105–110. Title and text in English. A.M.N.H. [Bio. Abs.45(May): 44121. 1964.]

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  • Krishtofovich (Krystofovich), Afrikana N. 1953. [Two remarkable plants of China]. Priroda42(1): 76–78.Ginkgo andMetasequoia. (In Russian.) A.M.N.H.

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  • - 1956a. [History of paleobotany in the USSR]. 110 pp. [p. 69] Fossil foliage photo ofMetasequoia disticha. (In Russian.) U.C.(E)

  • -. 1956b. [Characteristics of the fossil flora of Ashutas].In: A. N. Krishtofovich [Editor]: Paleobotanika. Vol.1: 16–22. MentionsMetasequoia disticha fossils; fossil foliage photos; indexed. (In Russian) N.Y.B.G.

  • -. 1956c. [Tertiary flora of Kazakhstan and adjacent regions.]In: A. N. Krishtofovich [editor]: Paleobotanika. Vol. I: 26–35. MentionsMetasequoia disticha fossils; indexed. (In Russian) N.Y.B.G.

  • - 1956d. [Origin and age of the flora of Ashutas.]In: A. N. Krishtofovich [editor]: Paleobotanika. Vol. I: 36–39. MentionsMetasequoia disticha fossils. (In Russian) N.Y.B.G.

  • — 1958. [The fossil flora of Penjin Bay, Lake Tastakh, and Rarytkin Range]. Paleobotanika VIII.2: 76–121. [p. 95, 110–111]M. disticha in Kamchatka; fossil foliage photo. (In Russian; English summary.) U.S.G.S.

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  • Kruckeberg, Arthur R. 1959. The gardens at the government locks in Seattle. Arboretum Bull. [Univ. Wash., Arb. Fund]22(2): 38–42, 61. MentionsMetasequoia. N.Y.B.G.

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  • Krüssmann(Kruessmann), Gerd. 1955 & 1960. Die Nadelgehölze. 304 and 335 pp. resp. Two paragraphs, in German, onMetasequoia; living foliage photo.

  • -. 1964. Die Baumschule - Ein praktisches Handbuch für Anzucht, Vermehrung, Kultur und Absatz der Baumschulpflanzen. 3 ed. [p. 587] One brief paragraph onMetasequoia. N.Y.B.G.

  • —. 1970. Handbuch der Nadelgehoelze. Lief. 4, Bog.10–12: 145–192. Illus. General descriptions, in German, of 12 genera, includingMetasequoia. [Bio. Abs.58(23): 128852. 1971. Hort. Abs.41(4): 9464. 1971.]

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  • Kurimoto, Takashi, Hidea Takada, and Susumu Nagai. 1954. Physiology ofMetasequoia and related species of conifers. I. Osmotic value and salt composition of leaf saps. J. Inst. Polytechn. Osaka City Univ., Ser. D, Biol.5: 55–65. Chlorine and potassium content. Title and text in English. A.M.N.H. [Bio. Abs.33(5): 19330. 1959. Chem. Abs.51(7): 5215g. 1957. For. Abs.17(2): 1216. 1956.]

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  • Lange, Johan. 1960. Ordbog over Danmarks plantanavne. 3 vols. [Vol. II. 839 pp. p. 71] Four lines of narrow column onMetasequoia. (In Danish.) N.Y.B.G.

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  • Lape, Fred. 1965. Conifers worth planting. Gard. Jour. [N.Y. Bot. Gard.]15(5): 205–210. Brief reference to horticultural value ofMetasequoia. N.Y.B.G.

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  • Lehman, Ernst. 1949. Lebende Fossilien. [Living fossils.] Orion4(1): 28–31. Account ofGingko andMetasequoia. N.A.L.

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  • Lenoir, R. 1956. Informations diverses au sujet deMetasequoia glyptostroboides. [Diverse information regardingMetaseauoia glvptostroboides.] Soc. Roy. Belge Bull.63(10): 434–437. Notes on plantings in Great Britain, France, Germany, United States and Belgium. N.A.L. [For. Abs.18(2): 1469. 1957.]

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  • Levy, Charles, & Tony Bunnell. 1969. Return of the dawn. CBS Radio, Voice of America. KMPC and KFI, Los Angeles, April 13. Four-page, single-space, popular account ofMetasequoia: Discovery of living trees; Chaney’s and Merrill’s roles; geological history; seed and seedling distribution. Possibly some errors, e.g., that the Japanese have hybridizedMetasequoia withCryptomeria andSequoia, not reported elsewhere in the literature; perhaps grafting was meant. Arn. Arb.

  • Lewis, Clarence E. 1964. A few unusual narrow-leaved trees.In: Faust, Joan L. [Editor] The New York Times book of trees and shrubs. 122 pp. [p. 70] Very brief mention ofMetasequoia. N.Y.B.G.

  • Ley, Willy. 1948. The green fossil. Frontiers13(2): 50–52. Discovery, history and naming of Coast and Sierra redwoods; discovery of livingMetasequoia trees; role of Arnold Arboretum; Chaney’s trip to China. N.Y.P.L.

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  • Li, Hui-Lin. 1952. Present distribution and habitats of the Conifers and Taxads. Evolution7(3): 245–261. IncludesMetasequoia among the Taxodiaceae. A.M.N.H.

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  • —. 1956. An illustrated key to the conifers. Morris Arb. Bull.7(4): 47–52. Brief manual account ofMetasequoia. N.Y.B.G.

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  • —. 1957. The discovery and cultivation ofMetasequoia. Morris Arb. Bull.8(4): 49–53. Good popular article: Discovery of living trees; seed distribution; establishment of genus; distribution of genus; revision ofSequoia andTaxodium fossil names; original range and habitat; exploration; horticultural qualities; two maps of native distribution; 7 photos of native habitat, 1 of tree at Morris Arboretum. N.Y.B.G.

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  • -. 1963. The origin and cultivation of shade and ornamental trees. 282 pp. [p. 179–190] Excellent popular account of discovery, and introduction into cultivation, ofMetasequoia; maps of China area; seven photos of China habitat from Gressitt. B.B.G.

  • —. 1964.Metasequoia, a living fossil. Amer. Sci.52(1): 93–109. Excellent semi-technical article: Fossils assigned toTaxites, Sequoia andTaxodium; distribution; establishment of new genus; etymology of prefix “meta”; discovery of living trees; native name; naming of species; subsequent exploration; role of Arnold Arboretum; seed distribution; distribution of trees in China; ecology there; Arborescent associates; botanical features; Chaney’s revision of fossils; cultivation in China and elsewhere; horticultural features; cone production; propagation; 13 photos of type tree, type herbarium specimens, China habitat, range map, trees in cultivation. N.Y.B.G. [Bio. Abs.48(8): 40289. 1967.]

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  • Li, John Yoh-Han. 1948a. Anatomical study of the wood of “Shui-Sha” (Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng). Trop. Woods94: 28–29. Two photomicrographs. N.Y.B.G. [Bio. Abs.23(7): 21890. 1949.]

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  • —. 1948b. Anatomical study of the wood of “Shui-Sha”, newly discovered tree,Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng. For. Res. Bur. Min. Agr. and For. China Tech. Bull.5: 1–4. [Bio. ABS.24(1): 2392. 1950. Fritz, 1957: 613.]

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  • Liang, Hsi, Kuang-Yung Chow, & Chih-Nan Au. 1948. Properties of a “living fossil” wood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng). Nanking Nat. Cent. Univ., For. Inst., Res. Notes, Wood Tech.1: 1–4. 9 figs. Also cited as Min. Agr. and For. China For. Res. Bur., Res. Notes5: 1–4. Macroscopic and microscopic features of wood; 9 photomicrographs. N.A.L.

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  • Liese, Walter, & Hans-Rolf Höster. 1966. Gelatinöse Bastfasern im Phloem einiger Gymnospermen. [Gelatinous bast fibers in the phloem of some gymnosperms.] Planta69(4): 338–346. [Six-page transl. publ. by New Zeal. For. Serv. 1967.) IncludesMetasequoia; four photomicrographs. (In German; English summary.) N.Y.B.G. [For. Abs.29(1): 1254. 1968.]

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  • Line, J. 1955. A prehistoric conifer. Gardening Illus.72(6): 144. Half page: Discovery of fossils in Japan and of living trees in China; roles of Miki, Kan, Cheng and Merrill; trees planted in England; horticultural features. Cor.U.(M)

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  • Linnard, W. 1966. A note on the wood ofMetasequoia. Wood [London]31(11): 46. Half-page review of Brazier’s and of Jaroslavcev and Visnjakova’s articles (q.v.). N.A.L.

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  • Lipp, Lewis. 1958. Holden Arboretum. Gard. Jour. [N.Y. Bot. Gard.]8(2): 60, 61, 65. [p. 61] Mentions attempts to dwarfMetasequoia either by X-radiation of seeds or cuttings, or by grafting on dwarfing stock. N.Y.B.G.

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  • Littlefield, E. W. 1950. On borrowed time; the story of three trees that should be be extinct, but aren’t. N.Y. State Conserv.4(6): 22–23. Refers toFranklinia, Ginkgo andMetasequoia. N.Y.P.L.

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  • Ljava, Ja. I. 1965.Metasequoia in Kiev. Glav. Bot. Sada Bjull. Moskva No.59: 95–97. (In Russian.) N.A.L. [For. Abs.28(1): 447. 1967.]

  • Loder, Giles. 1965. Growth ofMetasequoia. Roy. Hort. Soc. Jour.90(1): 30. Concerns growth rate. N.Y.B.G.

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  • Longman, K. A. 1970. Initiation of flowering on first year cuttings ofMetasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng. Nature [London]227 (July 18): 299–300. Although there are now specimens 16 meters tall in Great Britain, flowering has been confined to occasional female cones; no viable seeds or male cones; both cuttings and seedlings have produced male cones in the Crimea after seven years; flowers of both sexes have been produced in Japan by strangulation and by gibberellic acid; both kinds of cones have been initiated on one-year cuttings in an Edinburgh greenhouse; living foliage photo; photos of young female and male cones. [For. Abs.32(1): 356. 1971.] N.Y.B.G.

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  • Maatsch, Richard. 1956. Pareys Illustriertes Gartenbaulexikon. 2 Vols. Vol. 2: 95. Short historical and horticultural paragraph onMetasequoia. (In German) Cor.U.(B)

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  • McDaniel, J. C. 1959. Grafting opportunities with ornamental trees. Gard. Jour. [N.Y. Bot. Gard.]9(3): 92–93, 105. [p. 105] MentionsMetasequoia. N.Y.B.G.

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  • McDuffie, D., & A. Drury. 1947, 1949, 1950. Saving the redwoods. Reports, Save-the-Redwoods League. One paragraph refers to an address by Dr. Chaney, on September 28, 1946, before the Botanical Society of America, meeting in Boston, regarding Dr. Hu’s announcement of the discovery of three living trees ofMetasequoia in China. This apparently unpublished statement, referred to also by Chaney four years later (Chaney, 1950b), appears to have been the earliest public announcement, in the U.S.A., regarding the trees. N.Y.P.L.

  • McDuffie, Jean. 1949. The living past — An expedition to the dawn redwoods. Gard. Club Amer., Bull. XI. No. 12: 16–23. Half-page reprint of an article by Silverman in the San Francisco Chronicle; a two-page account of the discovery and verification of living trees in China by Chaney, reprinted from a Save-the-Redwoods publication; and four additional pages consisting, partly, of a two-page quote from Chaney’s article in “Pacific Discovery”: Discovery of living trees; follow-up expedition by Chaney and Silvermann; assignment of fossils toSequoia andTaxites; namingMetasequoia; Botanical significance of the discovery; map of worldwide distribution ofMetasequoia andSequoia;2 photos (Metasequoia fossil from Oregon, foliage ofMetasequoia andSequoia). N.Y.B.G.

  • MacGinitie, Harry D. 1953. Fossil plants of the Florissant beds, Colorado. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Publ. 599. 198 pp. 75 pls. Several references toMetasequoia. N.Y.B.G.

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  • Richardson, S. D. 1966. Forestry in Communist China. 237 pp. Scattered allusions toMetasequoia; role of Cheng in discovery of living trees; afforestation in China; temple trees; reviewed by Chaney, 1969. N.Y.B.G.

  • Robinson, G. W. 1953. Oxford Botanic Garden. Arbor. Bull. [Univ. Wash., Arbor. Fund]16(3): 16–17, 30–31. Refers to Metasequoia, “the latest recruit...a promising stripling some 12 feet high”. N.Y.B.G.

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  • Sakata, K. 1968. On the physical and the mechanical properties of Metasekoia (Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng). Trans. Tottori Soc. Agr. Sci.20: 35–44. Title in Japanese and English; Japanese text; English summary. L.C.

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  • Schwarz, Otto, & Heinz Weide. 1962. Systematische Revision der GattungSequoia Endl. [Systematic revision of the genusSequoia.] Feddes Rep.66(3): 159–192. Extensive revision in German, including transfer ofMetasequoia toSequoia. N.Y.B.G. [For. Abs.25(4): 4709. 1964.]

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  • Shoemaker, Robert Earl. 1966. Fossil leaves of the Hell Creek and Tullock formations of eastern Montana. Palaeontographica B.119: 54–75. [p. 59, 66]. One brief paragraph onM. cuneata andM. occidentalis; fossil foliage photos. Col.U.(G)

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  • Silverman, Milton. 1948a. 100,000,000-year-old race of redwoods. Science makes a spectacular discovery. San Francisco Chronicle, March 25: 1–3. Detailed, journalistic report, the first of five from China, on Chaney and Silverman’s joint visit to the native habitat ofMetasequoia in China. Written in, and dispatched with picture negatives from, the remote village Mao-Tao-Chi by runner to Wan-Hsien on the Yangtze, then by boat to Chungking, finally by air to San Francisco; ten-day interval between dispatch and publication; saw only three trees, one of them 98 feet tall and 11-foot diameter, on a rice paddy embankment; tallest tree 500–600 years old by ring count on boring; various aspects of the trees, their surroundings and religious significance; temple at base of tallest tree; apparently first use of name “dawn redwood” in print; photo of 98-foot discovery tree and other pictures. N.Y.P.L.

  • -. 1948b. Ancient redwoods. U.C. party seeks bigger stand in Hupeh Province. San Francisco Chronicle, March 26: 1. Second and shorter report from China on Chaney and Silverman’s joint visit there: The preceding, first, report was based on finding only three trees, including the original, 90-feet tall “discovery tree”; now heading South to confirm report of more trees. N.Y.P.L.

  • [Anonymous]. 1948. Looking at the world of 100 million years ago. San Francisco Chronicle, March 27: 1. Heavily, black-bordered, front page notice, published between Silverman’s second and third reports, calling attention to his first two reports and to the third to appear next day; also to three pertinent radio broadcasts in the afternoon and evening of March 27. N.Y.P.L.

  • -. 1948c. Ancient redwoods. Age-old trees are found in valley of the era of reptiles. San Francisco Chronicle, March 28: 1, 16. Third report from China: Sensational account; found more than 100 dawn redwoods. N.Y.P.L.

  • -. 1948d. Prehistoric redwoods. In Chinese valley scientists peek back a million centuries. San Francisco Chronicle, March 29: 1, 8. Fourth report from China: Found perhaps 1,000 trees; prehistoric climatic changes; former distribution of dawn redwoods; recognized roles of Cheng and Hu; another radio broadcast announced. N.Y.P.L.

  • -. 1948e. Dawn-Redwood party attacked in China. Bandit killed. San Francisco Chronicle. March 30: 1–2. Fifth and last article from China: End of Chaney’s expedition in Nanking, March 29; threat of bandits, one of whom was shot and killed by his armed escort which varied during the journey “from 4 to 20 young and poorly equipped soldiers”; highest pass traversed was nearly 6,000 feet above sea level; effort to obtain government aid in protecting the remaining dawn redwoods from destructive cutting; prehistoric distribution; climatic changes. N.Y.P.L.

  • -. 1948f. The Dawn-Redwoods. Seedlings planted here by U.C.’s fossilhunter. San Francisco Chronicle. April 5: 1, 10, 11. Illus. Four seedlings, six to 15 inches tall and brought from China by Chaney, planted in Berkeley, California; former distribution of the trees; prehistoric climatic changes; living trees discovered by Chinese explorers; details of Chaney and Silverman’s journey to the area in China, nearly 115 miles each way, a ten-day round trip, finally with 15 chair coolies, 11 bearer coolies and 22 armed guards. N.Y.P.L.

  • - 1948. Redwoods that grew in the U.S. aeons ago brought from China. Evening Star [Washington, D.C.], April 15: A26. Chaney and Silverman’s 10-day round trip to China, requiring 15 chair coolies, 11 bearer coolies and 22 armed guards in almost constant rain; 4 seedlings ofMetasequoia, 6–15′’ tall, brought back and planted in Berkeley, Calif.; geological history of China area. L.C.

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  1. Edmund H. Fulling
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Fulling, E.H. Metasequoia — Fossil and Living —. Bot. Rev 42, 215–315 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02870145

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