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Anther plastids in angiosperms

The Botanical Review volume 67, pages 54–73 (2001)Cite this article

Abstract

In the anther of angiosperms, all types of plastids are found in the course of pollen development. They are located in the different cell layers of the microsporangium and have various functions that contribute to the formation of the functional male gametophyte. This includes photosynthesis, stomata opening, sugar storage and/or mobilization, lipid synthesis and secretion for pollenkitt formation, as well as serving as a physiological buffer under stress conditions. They are also involved in plastid inheritance, but to different extents, according to the species.

The plastid is a semi-autonomous organelle. Plastid division in the anther is synchronous with cell division, except in the vegetative cell during pollen maturation. Furthermore, recent data seem to show that plastids are affected by programmed cell death and DNA degradation, which occur in the whole anther throughout pollen development. However, the timing of plastid disappearance fluctuates in the different cell layers and also depending on species.

In vitro, following androgenesis, plastids that originate in the microspore are responsible for the occurrence of albino plantlets in Poaceae. This trait reflects the relative independence of the plastid genome when compared with that of the nucleus. In this family, microspore plastids may become so involved in programmed cell death that they are unable to follow the alternative sporopohytic program.

The different pathways of plastid differentiation in neighboring anther cell layers require an accurate regulation of cell development that remains widely unknown in the anther.

Résumé

Dans l’anthère des angiospermes, on trouve tous les types de plastes au cours du développement pollinique. Ils sont localisés dans les différentes couches cellulaires du microsporange et possèdent des fonctions variées contribuant à la formation du gamétophyte mâle fonctionnel. Cela recouvre la photosynthèse, l’ouverture des stomates, le stockage et/ou la mobilisation de glucides, la synthèse et la sécrétion de lipides pour la formation du pollenkitt, ainsi qu’un rôle de tampon physiologique en conditions stressantes. Ils sont également impliqués dans l’hérédité plastidiale à un degré divers en fonction des espèces.

Le plaste est un organite semi-autonome. La division plastidiale au sein de l’anthère est synchrone avec la division cellulaire, excepté dans la cellule végétative pendant la maturation du pollen. Par ailleurs, des données récentes semblent montrer que les plastes sont affectés par la mort cellullaire programmée et la dégradation d’ADN qui se produisent dans la totalité de l’anthère tout au long du développement pollinique. Toutefois, la chronologie de disparition des plastes fluctue dans les différentes couches cellulaires et aussi en fonction des espèces.

In vitro, durant le processus d’androgenèse, les plastes originaires de la microspore sont responsables de l’apparition de plantules albinos chez les Poaceae. Ce caractère reflète la relative indépendance du génome plastidial par rapport au génome nucléaire. Dans cette famille, il est probable que les plastes de la microspore sont trop engagés dans le programme de mort cellulaire et demeurent incapables de suivre un nouveau programme sporophytique.

Les différentes voies de différenciation plastidiale observées dans les couches cellulaires voisines de l’anthère requièrent une régulation précise du développement cellulaire qui demeure largement inconnue dans l’anthère.

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  1. Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales UFR Sciences, Université de Reims, Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France

    Christophe Clément

  2. Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Université degli Studi di Siena, Via P. A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy

    Ettore Pacini

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Clément, C., Pacini, E. Anther plastids in angiosperms. Bot. Rev 67, 54–73 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02857849

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02857849

Keywords

  • Starch
  • Botanical Review
  • Pollen Development
  • Tapetal Cell
  • Anther Wall